Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea was found in 2012. Initially, this journal was a regular scientifically reviewed printed journal focusing on forestry sciences and managed by the Environmental and Forestry Research and Development Institute, Makassar, Indonesia. Online submissions started in November 2015 and are then published periodically biannually in March and August on the eJournal platform. Since 2023, this journal has been managed by the Forest Conservation Study Program, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, and the focus of the study is adjusted to the Conservation of Biological Resources. We are particularly interested in conservation issues in the biogeographical region of Wallacea, but related conservation issues from other parts of the world are also welcome. ISSN : 2302-299X, eISSN 2407-7860 Publisher: Forestry Faculty of Hasanuddin University Aims and Scope Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea focuses on issues of conservation of biological resources, including sustainable management of biological resources, social aspects, and policies in conservation. We are particularly interested in conservation issues in the biogeographical region of Wallacea, but strongly related conservation issues from other parts of the world are also welcome. Wallacea is a strategic biogeographical region located between two continents, Asia and Australia, so the biodiversity in this region is extremely unique and specific, characterized by a high level of endemism. However, on the other hand, the conservation of biological resources in this region is under threat from overcrowding and an increasing population. Various approaches need to be continuously pursued in the context of managing existing biological resources to ensure their sustainable availability for the welfare of the people in this region. Journal Accreditation Currently, Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea has been accepted for indexing and coverage by Scopus. We are also accredited SINTA 2 by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology (MoECRT/Kemendikbudristek) of the Republic of Indonesia through the decree of number: 158/E/KPT/2021 on December 09th, 2021. Accreditation certificate is available at: download the certificate (pdf).
Foresty Faculty of Hasanuddin University
Ecological Disaster in Northern Sumatra: How Extreme Rainfall and Land-Cover Disturbance Triggered Widespread Flash Flooding
In November 2025, Northern Sumatra experienced one of the most extreme flood disasters in recent history, triggered by a rare combination of sustained high-intensity rainfall and long-term land-cover disturbance. Using satellite-based rainfall estimates, historical rainfall records, and land-cover change analysis, this study examines the spatial and temporal dynamics of the event. The rainfall produced over 950 mm within four days, with daily accumulation exceeding 390 mm and hourly peaks surpassing 40 mm/hr. Statistical analysis using the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution estimated a return period of approximately 192 years for the daily maximum. Land-cover analysis revealed extensive deforestation between 1990 and 2024, including in designated protection and conservation forest zones. Flood impacts were concentrated in watersheds with high forest loss and recent land disturbance, particularly in Aceh and North Sumatra. This study highlights how compounding hydroclimatic extremes and upstream land degradation can significantly amplify flood risk. The findings underscore the importance of integrating forest conservation and multi-day rainfall indicators into regional flood risk assessments and early warning systems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea
How Climate Change Disrupts Mango Phenology and Affects Fruit Production
Climatic elements are limiting factors for plants; therefore, climate change can impact the phenology of plants. This study aims to determine the impact of climate change on the reproductive phenology of four local mango cultivars on Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. Data were collected during 2013 and 2014 by observing and recording the production of vegetative shoots, generative shoots, and fruits from the trees of each mango cultivar weekly. To assess the impact of seasonal change on fruit quality, the weight and sugar level of the ripe fruits in each cultivar were measured. Climate data were obtained from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Region IV, Makassar. Results show that from 1979 until 2014, the climate in the study site changed from type D to type C according to the Schmidt-Ferguson Climate Classification method, indicating that the wet season became longer. Following climate change, the reproductive phenology of the four mango cultivars also changed from once to twice annually, whereby the flush of vegetative and reproductive shoots that appeared during the first period in March did not successfully develop into mature fruit but developed following the second period in July. The change of season also impacted the quality of the mangoes, as fruit produced during the longer dry season had higher sugar levels than those produced during the shorter dry season.
The Potential of Native Tree Species for Post-Nickel Mining Land Restoration
Due to the absence of topsoil, low pH, and contamination by various heavy metals, revegetation of post-nickel mining land, which is generally carried out by planting economically valuable species, is usually unsuccessful. This study aims to identify tree species suitable for revegetation on post-nickel mining land in Kolaka Regency, Indonesia. Nine plots measuring 20 m x 20 m were distributed in the revegetated post-nickel mining land at three different age categories (1, 5, and 10 years) to observe the growth of revegetation trees, which are introduced species and native tree species that naturally invade the revegetation area. In total, there were 24 tree species found in the revegetated post-nickel mining land consisting of 9 introduced revegetation species and the other 15 tree species were native tree species that invaded the revegetated area. The older the age of the revegetation, the more native plant species are found. In line with the increasing age of revegetation, the density of revegetation plants decreases while the density of native plants increases. The population structure of revegetation trees does not indicate that the species can regenerate, while the inverted shape of the population structure of native plants indicates excellent regeneration potential. Thus, the results of this study recommend making native species, including Buchanania arborescens, Alstonia macrophylla, Ficus sp. Syzygium sp. Colona scabra, Litsea sp., and Metrosideros cf. petiolata as revegetation plants in former nickel mining areas.
Genetic Diversity and Kinship Relationships Among Black Mangrove Populations (Rhizophora mucronata) in West Sulawesi Based on Morphological Markers
Rhizophora mucronata is a black mangrove with the most productive ecosystem that has benefits many people. But in reality, because of their business, some people often neglect preserving mangrove ecosystems and habitats. This study was conducted to analyze the level of genetic diversity and the relationship between R. mucronata in West Sulawesi based on morphological markers that will be used in future restoration efforts of black mangroves around the coast. This study used ten trees from three origins: Polewali Regency Mandar, Majene, and Mamuju. Then, several parts of the tree are used for this study, namely leaves, trunks, bark, roots, flowers, and propagules. However, the observed characteristics are leaf shape, stem shape, and color samples such as bark color, stem color, root color, color propagule (fruit and hypocotyl), and leaf color with a qualitative and quantitative approach. The results of this study show that black mangroves in Polewali Mandar, Majene, and Mamuju show high-value genetic diversity. The genetic distance between Polewali Mandar and Mamuju shows a high value of 0.13, meaning they have a distant kinship. Meanwhile, the genetic distance between Polewali Mandar and Majene shows a low value of 0.09, meaning they are close relatives. The findings of this study directly address the research urgency by highlighting the high genetic diversity of R. mucronata populations in West Sulawesi, despite increasing threats from anthropogenic activities. The observed genetic distances indicate significant variation among populations, particularly between Polewali Mandar and Mamuju, which suggests the need for targeted conservation strategies. The close genetic relationship between Polewali Mandar and Majene further emphasizes the importance of localized preservation efforts. These insights provide a scientific basis for future restoration initiatives, ensuring conservation programs maintain genetic resilience and adaptability within the mangrove ecosystem.
The perception of waste management of hikers at Bulusaraung mountain area of Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park
Waste management in tourist destinations is a serious problem because of its non-biodegradable nature and the volume of waste produced each year continues to increase along with the increasing number of visitors to the tourist area. The existence of climbing activities in the Bulusaraung Mountains area has an impact on the waste problem that arises due to hikers activities in the area. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of waste management in the Bulusaraung Mountains, Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park (South Sulawesi), Indonesia from the perspective of hikers, a survey was conducted on 100 hikers with a focus on their perceptions, attitudes and awareness using a set of questionnaires. Additionally, observations were made regarding the implementation of hiking procedures applied by the National Park on waste management in the area. A correlation analysis determined the relationship between socio-demographic factors and hikers' perspectives on waste management in the Bulusaraung Mountains. The results, which underscore the importance of this study, indicated that hikers held positive perceptions, attitudes, and awareness regarding the waste management efforts implemented by Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. Age and education positively influenced hikersperception, attitude, and awareness towards waste management. In addition, a significant correlation was found between age and awareness (p = 0.05). Other variables, such as gender, occupation, and organization, were negative and insignificant in influencing hikers' perception, attitude, and awareness (p > 0.05). Respondents‘ education is positively correlated with hikers’ perceptions, attitudes and awareness towards waste management in the Bulusaraung Mountains.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea
Factors Behind Cessation of Illegal Logging by Local Communities for Valuable Timber-producing Endemic Species, Hopea celebica
Hopea celebica is a species of Dipterocarpaceae that produces strong and durable wood. This species is endemic to Sulawesi Island, where its spread is restricted to specific habitat types in the southern part of the island. The high quality of the wood has exposed this species to high levels of illegal logging and is endangered. However, in the last two decades, the threat of logging to this tree species has ceased to occur. Through field surveys and interviewing of respondents in 6 small FGDs, this study aims to determine the factors behind the cessation of illegal logging activities. We found that this species has good regeneration ability and identified 3 leading causes of stopping illegal logging of H. celebica: restricting its habitat to the Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, the change in cultural interest from building houses on stilts to concrete houses, and the shift in the lifestyle of young generation who are no longer interested in working as woodcutters. Thus, the cessation of illegal logging of H. celebica is not due to the correct public perception of the importance of conserving H. celebica to increase its population so that it can be used sustainably in the future. The Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park still needs to make people aware of the importance of H. celebica conservation.
Modeling suitable habitats of stingless bee klanceng (Tetragonula laeviceps) in Merbabu Mountain areas related to elevation, temperature, and humidity variables
Klanceng is one of the stingless bee species in Indonesia with the scientific name Tetragonula laeviceps. This bee species has sustainable economic values since it has a role as a pollinator. This species is also common in mountainous areas, including Merbabu Mountain, Central Java. Despite this bee being very common, information about potential distributions of this bee is very limited, and this information is needed for its management. This study aimed to model the potential habitat for T. laeviceps using species distribution modeling (SDM) with elevation, temperature, and humidity as predictors. The model was built based on the T. laeviceps occurrence points gained through field surveys, with a total of 23 sampling points. According to the model, most of the west parts of Merbabu Mountain were considered not suitable for T. laeviceps. This suitability is also similar to the north and south parts. This condition is in contrast to the areas that bordered with the Merbabu Mountain directly. Most areas adjacent to the Merbabu Mountain were having high and very high suitability for T. laeviceps. Regarding altitudinal distribution, T. laeviceps was limited at elevations of 1000 m.
Global Scientific Production on Stakeholder Engagement in Community Forestry: A Bibliometric Analysis
Community forestry is a concept that presents management and utilization rights to local communities through empowering communities in sustainably managing forest resources and engaging them in forest conservation movements. This study aims to investigate the scope of stakeholder engagement in community forestry using a bibliometric review. Understanding stakeholders' participation in community forest management through a 30-year bibliometric analysis is essential for achieving historical insights, deciding conflicts, and discussing global forest landscape topics. The data was obtained from the Scopus database. Analysis of references with 808 publications and an annual publication growth rate of 6.49% (1981 – 2023) was used to identify the most significant sources of stakeholder engagement in global trends. Topic areas with titles, keywords, and abstracts in stakeholder engagement in community forestry themes were utilized as a reference for exploring search results. This present study analysed bibliometrics using VOSviewer and Biblioshiny. The publication reached the highest number with 64 publications in 2020. Peter A. Minang was the most productive author in the discipline, with an h-index of 9, total publications of 9, and worldwide citations of 394 from 2005 to 2023. The United States of America (USA) dominated the most publications on this topic. Furthermore, Tribhuvan University was the most relevant affiliated institution. The most productive journal in this field was Forest Policy and Economics. This investigation delivers scholarly novelty in evaluating Global Community Forestry publications, which are practically and theoretically essential to regulators, academia and industry professionals. These findings are important as a foundation for several suggestions for future stakeholder engagement in community forestry research.
Evaluating Forest and Land Rehabilitation Using Remote Sensing: A Case Study in Maros Regency
Remote sensing technology has become crucial in vegetation monitoring, particularly for assessing vegetation density. Despite its broad application, its use in evaluating land rehabilitation efforts remains limited. The increasing extent of degraded lands has underscored the importance of effective forest and land rehabilitation activities. Traditionally, evaluating these efforts involves direct site visits to monitor plant growth annually for three years post-planting, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly. According to rehabilitation standards, a program is successful if 75% of the planted vegetation survives until the end of the third year. This study presents an efficient alternative by evaluating a rehabilitation site in Maros Regency, using remote sensing technology to monitor planting success over periods of 15 years (2007), nine years (2013), and three years (2019). The evaluation utilizes multispectral drone imagery and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis to assess vegetation density through multi-temporal analysis across wide areas. The findings reveal that the percentage of forested areas after three, nine, and fifteen years of rehabilitation activities was 24.6%, 3.1%, and 23.5%, respectively. This research demonstrates the potential for further application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle imagery in monitoring the success of land rehabilitation projects.
Remote Sensing Remote Sensing-Based Soil Erosion Rate Estimation Using the E30 Model and Sentinel-2 Imagery
Estimating the rate of soil erosion generally takes time, money, and energy. There are many parameters that must be accommodated, such as the physical properties of the soil, land cover, rainfall, topography, and so on. One alternative method for estimating erosion rates is to use a remote sensing approach. The aim of this research is to estimate the rate of soil erosion in the Special Purpose Forest Area of the University of Lambung Mangkurat (KHDTK ULM) Mandiangin, using the E30 model and Sentinel-2 imagery. The erosion rate are measured directly in the field with a number of sample points. According to the E30 model concept, field erosion samples are only measured on land that has a slope of 300. The topographic data itself is extracted from DEMNAS data. Meanwhile, soil bulk density data was obtained from https://soilgrids.org/, and solum data was taken from https://daac.ornl.gov/. From the Sentinel-2 imagery, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data was extracted, which is one of the parameters in the E30 model. The estimated results of the erosion rate at KHDTK ULM Mandiangin show that, in general, the highest erosion rate at KHDTK ULM Mandiangin is around 480 tons/ha/year. Additionally, almost 80% of the KHDTK ULM Mandiangin area has a very serious erosion hazard level. Of course, the fastest rate of erosion is located on hill slopes with steep topography. Apart from having steep topography, one of the factors causing the high rate of erosion at KHDTK ULM is the thin soil layer and the lack of dense forest cover. This finding indicates the need to conserve vegetation cover on steep lands.
Analysis of the Carrying Capacity of Proboscis Monkey Habitat on Bakut Island, South Kalimantan, Based on Leaf Area Index
Bakut Island is one of the conservation forest areas in South Kalimantan. This island is the habitat of proboscis monkeys, and the proboscis monkey population is increasing from year to year. Therefore, it is estimated that one day the proboscis monkey habitat on Bakut Island will be over capacity. This study aims to estimate how long the population of proboscis monkeys on Bakut Island Nature Tourism Park can survive there by examining the amount of food the island's vegetation can produce. Proboscis monkey feed itself is estimated using the Leaf Area Index (LAI). LAI was extracted using UAV imaging and NICFI multitemporal imagery. Meanwhile, the carrying capacity of the proboscis monkey habitat is assessed using the quantity of consumption of the proboscis monkey population relative to food availability. Simulations of the carrying capacity of proboscis monkey habitat into the future were carried out using projections of the future proboscis monkey population and LAI growth. The entire computational process of simulating habitat carrying capacity is carried out using the Python language. The results of the analysis show that Bakut Island is only able to support proboscis monkey habitat until 2038. In that year, the proboscis monkey population on Bakut Island is projected to number 1,290 individuals. After 2038, the predicted amount of feed needed by the proboscis monkey population will exceed the feed available on Bakut Island. The limitation of this research is that it only uses one parameter to assess the carrying capacity of proboscis monkey habitat, namely food availability. There are still other parameters that have not been accommodated, including the home range and trees for nests.
Ethnoecology: The Community Adaptation Patterns of Forest Management in Grobogan Central Java
The aims of this research are to describe community adaptation patterns and determine community perceptions regarding forest environmental management. This qualitative research was studied using an ethnoecological approach with the research focus being the people of the Perhutani area of ​​Grobogan Regency. This research carried out the data collection through interviews, observation and documentation, with the main informant being Pesanggem as a forest land manager. This research produced the first findings in the form of community adaptation patterns in managing the environment covering three aspects, namely ecological adaptation, economic adaptation and social adaptation in the Pesanggem community in Gedangan Village, Wirosari District under the auspices of BKPH Sambirejo. 1) Ecological adaptation in Pesanggem showed the availability of well water which previously only relied on rainwater, then adjustments to various types of plants, as well as an understanding of prohibitions and sanctions for illegal activities in forest areas; 2) economic adaptation showed an increase in income for Pesanggem from forest land management; 3) social adaptation showed the existence of cooperation between members and other farmer groups within the LMDH forum. The second finding is that the public's perception in interpreting environmental management is that there are 5 values, namely the values ​​of wisdom, independence, religion, creativity and healthy living. Based on the research results, the author recommends that forest area communities be involved in managing and guarding forests for generational sustainability, and Perum Perhutani should invite partners from surrounding school institutions as a means of educating generations in joint forest management.
Modelling the habitat suitability of rattan (Calamus zollingeri) in Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi
Calamus zollingeri is a potential rattan species that is widely used by the community and is found in the Sulawesi region. As one of the potential non-timber forest products, habitat suitability modelling is needed to determine the distribution and prediction of C. zollingeri distribution in Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP), Central Sulawesi. This study used a species distribution modelling approach with the Maximum Entrophy method. C. zollingeri encounter data were obtained through data collected in the Lore Lindu Management Information System (SIMRELI) from 2019 to 2023. Environmental variables used in the modelling included NDVI, altitude, slope, land cover and distance from river. The modelling results show that 40% of the total LLNP area is highly suitable for C. zollingeri habitat, 20% of the total LLNP area is suitable for C. zollingeri habitat, and 40% of the total LLNP area is unsuitable/insufficient data. This study is important as a reference material for the management of LLNP, especially in structuring the management zone of LLNP.
Growth rate and carbon storage capacity of mangroves along the Tambakrejo Coastal Zone
The existence of mangroves is essential as a mitigation agent of the impacts of climate change. Mangroves serve as abrasion protection and a carbon storage agent, reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This study aimed to examine growth rate and carbon storage of mangroves as a determination of a rehabilitation potential for abrasion-exposed degraded mangroves. This study used a quantitative approach. Data was collected in November 2021 at the Tambakrejo coast, located in the north coast of Semarang. The results showed that the highest growth rate occurred in the 5–6-year period with the diameter of 0.11 cm (about 0.04 inch)/month and in the 4–5-year period with the height of 3.54 cm (about 1.39 inch)/month. The regression analysis showed moderate level of relationship between diameter and height values. This was used to determine both height and diameter values. Among different tree age classes, the age class of 72 showed the highest storage capacity, reaching 45.6 kg CO2eq, with average annual addition of 7.5 kgCO2eq/year. This indicates biomass addition is positively related to the storage capacity. Thus, anything that can alter the mangrove tree biomass will affect its carbon storage capacity.
Promoting Private Conservation in Patra Seroja Ecopark, Dumai Municipality, Riau Province, Indonesia
This paper documents the voluntary conservation practices in Patra Seroja Ecopark Forest by Indonesia’s state-owned oil and gas company, Pertamina Ltd. - Refinery Unit II Dumai, Province of Riau, west coast of Sumatera Island. The company voluntarily allocated, financed, and managed 102 hectares of land in their private area to conserve and protect its in-situ biodiversity and preserve environmental service as a secondary objective. The results of studies and assessments carried out, the management application has fulfilled the Privately Protected Area (PPA) management criteria by IUCN regarding the orientation, biodiversity, management model, and utilization. However, PPA is not recognized legally as an addition to traditionally government-led governance of conservation forests in Indonesia: KSA (Nature Reserve Area), KPA (Nature Conservation Area), TB (Hunting Park) model. Considering the potential width of Privately Protected Area application in Indonesia to support national target achievement on Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and Aichi 11 Target and fostering the voluntary initiatives by private in conserving biodiversity, the state may recognize the practices and initiate the legal instrument for PPA application in Indonesia.
Social Ecological Resilience System of Ambon Island Protected Forest, Maluku Province, Indonesia
Humans and nature cannot be separated because both have a close relationship as an ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to determine: 1) the level of social and ecological resilience; 2) Scenarios on ecological and social factors for the sustainability of protected forests. The research method uses survey methods and data analysis uses qualitative-verification analysis based on the results of the calculation of the resilience index and the phase of the socio-ecological system. The results showed that the level of social and economic resilience was partially or simultaneously at the level of resilience with their respective indexes: social: 0.6944); ecology: 0.8148 and socio-ecology 0.7460. The exploitation phase (growth) leads to the conservation phase. The results of the scene show that both of them are at a high level of resilience with a resilience index of 0.8889 (high resilience) and a reorganization phase. If this phase can be maintained with various management interventions according to its function, it will minimize the level of disturbance to the Mount Sirimau Protection Forest Group.
Modeling suitable habitats of maleo (Macrocephalon maleo sal. müller 1846) in Gorontalo
Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) is one of the endangered bird species in Indonesia. This avifauna species is an endemic bird to Sulawesi Island. It is distributed from the south to the north of Sulawesi, including Gorontalo. Currently, information on suitable habitat models for M. maleo is very limited, while this information is required to support the conservation of M. maleo. This study aimed to model the potential habitat for M. maleo using species distribution modeling (SDM) with vegetation cover variables as predictors. The model was built based on the M. maleo occurrence points. The suitable habitat was then evaluated using area under the curve analysis and the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCROC). Based on the model, the AUC is valued at 0.729, which is considered reasonable and indicates that the model can be used to depict the potential habitats for the species. In this study, most of the west and east parts of Gorontalo were considered not suitable for Maleo. While the coastal areas of Gorontalo were considered very suitable. This was confirmed for both the north and south coastal areas of Gorontalo. Then it is strongly recommended to conserve and protect most of those coasts to ensure the Maleo conservation.
Copyright (c) 2023 Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea
The economic value of Indonesia's tropical rainforest park (TH2TI) in South Kalimantan
Urban forest is a form of environmentally oriented development. One form of urban forest in South Kalimantan is the Indonesia’s Tropical Rain Forest Park (TH2TI). This study aims to calculate the total economic value and future value of TH2TI. The total economic value calculated in this study consists of direct use value (recreation, wood, carbon and oxygen), indirect use value (water absorption), and option value (existence and heritage). The method used in this research was quantitative research method to calculate the value of wood, carbon, oxygen, and water absorption and qualitative research method to calculate the value of recreation, existence, and heritage. Results indicated that the economic value of recreation was the highest amounted to IDR 1,568,514,750.00 and the total economic value of TH2TI amounted to IDR 3,085,373,964.75. In the next 5 years, the economic value of TH2TI could reach IDR 3,664,456,405.74. The knowledge of the economic values of TH2TI is expected to make people aware to the importance of the environment for life.
Diversity of natural dye plants in The Taplel Waterfall Area, Sisimeni Sanam Training Forest, Takari District, Kupang District
The Taplel waterfall area which is in the Sisimeni Sanam Education and Training Forest area is one of the conservation areas in East Nusa Tenggara which has quite high biodiversity, including plants that produce natural colors. However, information on the species diversity of dye plants in the Taplel waterfall area is still lacking. The objective of this study was to uncover the diversity of natural dye plants in the Taplel waterfall area, Sisimeni Sanam Training Forest, Takari District, Kupang Regency. Data collection was carried out by setting sample plots measuring 2 x 2 meters (seedlings), 5 x 5 meters (saplings), 10 x 10 meters (poles), and 20 x 20 meters (trees). Analysis of the importance of species using the Importance Value Index, and species diversity using the Species Diversity Index (Shannon-Wiener Index). Species of natural dye plants found in the Taplel Waterfall Area include Tectona grandis, Cassia siamea, Acacia auriculiformis, Tamarindus indica, Ficus racemosa, Leucaena leucocephala, Schleichera oleosa, Bauhinia purpurea, Cassia fistula, Garuga floribunda, and Annona squamosa L.. Plant species that has the highest important role in the Taplel Waterfall Area is Cassia fistula (sapling), Bauhinia purpurea (pole), and Tectona grandis (tree). Meanwhile, the diversity of natural dye plant species in the Taplel Waterfall Area at the level of seedlings, saplings, poles and trees is in the moderate category.
Population and home range of the West Java Black Langur (Trachypithecus mauritius) in the forested area of Taman Safari Indonesia
The West Java black langur (Trachypithecus mauritius) is an Indonesian endemic primate found on the island of Java. Status and Conservation of the species is classified as Vulnerable based on the IUCN Red List and is listed in Appendix 2 of CITES. The West Javan langurs have been protected by Indonesian law since 1999. Under the decree of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Number. P.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/12/2018. The study aimed to examine population the population of the species and to determine its home range the forested area of Taman Safari Indonesia Bogor. This research was carried out from January to September 2021. Method The data collection used was a combination of methods concentrated Concentration Count using the observation method directly in the field. Analyze population distribution patterns using Nearest Neighbors, while the population distribution was analyzed using the area of the outermost point of encounter. The results showed that there were two groups of the West Java black langur existed in the area. The first group was around the location of the two houses, the panda palace, and the Jaksa waterfall 32 individuals and the second group was consisted of 15 individuals. Based on the survey, it was estimated that with an population density of T. mauritius in the area was 0.18 individuals/km² while the group density was 0.008 group/km². Group I was known to have a home range area of 17 ha while Group II had larger home range with 25 ha. The West Java black langur in this area were found to inhabit the upper parts of the forest at the altitude of 1000 to 1550 m above sea level. Population distribution patterns classified as clustered in all West Java black langur groups. The distribution of the West Java black langur population in TSI Bogor covers 58% of the total area.
Bird diversity in Aketajawe Lolobata National Park
Research on richness and bird species diversity are important for conservation efforts in National Park. Currently, the Aketajawe Lolobata National Park (ALNP) is a habitat patch among industrial areas on Halmahera Island, so that it is important to carry out periodic bird inventories in the national park. Therefore, the need to study the current bird diversity and the status of bird species as a basis for future monitoring and implementation of appropriate conservation measures are important. Bird diversity research needs to be carried out because. Observation plots are placed at primary and secondary forest in Akejawi resort. The research was conducted on January to February 2022. Total observation point is 20 plots. The method was used by point count. The distance between the observation plot is 200 m and the radius of observation is 50 m. The observation were made in the morning (06.00-09.00 am). Repetition of observation on each habitat was carried out 10 times. Data were analyzed by using Shannon-Wiener Index Diversity. Based on findings, There were 345 individuals of 39 species from 19 families inhabited Akejawi Resort. Secondary forest had the highest diversity index when compared to primary forest. This study revealed that there were 9 birds originated from North Maluku and there were 15 species categorized as protected species. The latest data can provide opportunities for further research to reveal patterns of bird distribution and various protection measures due to the loss of forest areas around national parks.
The value of the Wallacea Region: Considerations behind the changing scope of JPK Wallacea
The Editorial Board has issued this editorial note in the form of a review to inform contributors about changes to the scope of the Journal of Wallacea Forestry Research (JPK Wallacea) following the transfer of management from Balai Penerapan Instrumen Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Makassar to Hasanuddin University's Forest Conservation Study Program in 2023. JPK Wallacea is no longer limiting its scope to forestry and is expanded to cover biodiversity in general by incorporating the term Wallaceae, which is a biogeographical area located between the continents of Asia and Australia. This area is well known for its unique biodiversity both on land and in water. The Wallacea region's biodiversity is famed for its distinctiveness yet, it is on the verge of extinction. Thus, the Editorial Board chose to focus on the scope of JPK Wallacea on scientific, technological, and policy conservation features. This scientific publication is expected to make a substantial contribution to the biodiversity conservation effort in the Wallacea region and its surroundings.
Impact of land slope, tree density and basal area on fire intensity in pinus merkusii plantation forest
Forest fires are not solely determined by the quantity and quality of plant debris as fuel, but also influenced by some extrinsic factors. This study aims to examine the effect of some factors (slopes, tree density, and tree basal area) on the intensity of forest fires. The study was conducted in a 1 ha (100m x 100m) plot in the Pinus merkusii plantation 10 months after the fire. The plot was divided into 10 m x 10 m subplots, therefore there were 100 subplots. Each tree over 5 cm in diameter found in the plot was numbered consecutively, recorded its species name, measured its diameter, and determined whether it was alive or dead. The slope level in each subplot was measured. Multiple regression analysis was used to detect the influence of slope level, tree density, and basal area on the number of dead trees in each subplot. Results show that slopes, tree density, and basal area influenced proportionally the intensity of forest fires (R2 = 0,507; p<0.05). However, when the partial analysis was applied to detect the influence of each class factor, not all of the classes were found significant. These results reveal that there are several other factors not measured in this study that also influence fire intensity, which we suspect are tapping holes and tree diameter.
Nickel acquisition affected by root density of mono- and mixed-cropping peanut and choy sum
Nickel (Ni) and associated minerals (Cr and Mn) are naturally occurring substances in ultramafic laterites soil. It may be found in our vegetables and grains when agriculture is grown in ultramafic laterites. This study aimed to assess the contamination of Ni in edible crops affected by soil volume in mono- and mixed cropping on limonitic laterite soil. The investigation was conducted on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and Choy Sum (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis) in three different pots sizes-representing soil volume to support root growth, which was filled with 0.5 kg (small), 1.0 kg (medium), and 1.5 kg (big) of limonitic laterite soil, respectively. The limonitic soil has a 7.884 mg kg-1 Ni concentration. The experiment shows that Ni concentration in peanut and Choy Sum shoots of mono-cropping in small, medium, and big pots achieve 20, 90, 120 mg kg-1 and 51, 67, and 95 mg kg-1, respectively. Meanwhile, in mixed cropping, Ni concentration in small, medium, and big pots of peanut and Choy Sum shoots are lower only by 33, 50, and 51 mg kg-1 and 15, 52, and 63 mg kg-1, respectively. Contamination of Ni in Peanut and Choy Sum shoots increases with the increasing soil volume, and mixed cropping is a potential strategy to reduce the acquisition of Ni.
The spatial patterns of deforestation in the Ko'mara forest area
Land-use changes result from changes in the human population, their activities, and social and environmental activities, which occur in a complex and dynamic manner. The change of forested areas to non-forested areas, also known as deforestation, is a land-use change. Deforestation influences land cover by creating a specific distribution pattern (fragmentation). Almost the entire forest has been fragmented into smaller areas, but the pattern of each of these forest areas is uncertain. As a consequence, it would be more challenging to control potential deforestation. Using the spatial metrics of Clumpiness index, Contiguity index, and Patch density, deforestation in one of the forest areas, namely the Ko'mara forest area, was carried out. This research was analyzed using GIS and Fragstat software in raster data format. The analysis results show that the spatial pattern of deforestation in this area has a clumped distribution, with a high level of patch contiguity and a low to medium level of fragmentation. This pattern represents the form of deforestation in the Ko'mara forest area in 2005-2010 and 2010-2015 was classified as Low Deforestation with a deforestation rate of <1%, but was classified as Moderate Deforestation in 2015-2019 because the value obtained was 1.1%.
Spatial diversity patterns of understory shrub community in Srengseng urban forest, Jakarta
Urban forests are one of the natural ecosystems in urban environments. One of the most important components of the urban forest ecosystem is the understory shrubs. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the diversity of understory shrubs in the Srengseng Urban Forest in Jakarta City. The biodiversity of understory shrubs is calculated using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') and mapped using the Geographic Information System (GIS). In this study, 24 plots measuring 2 m by 2 m each were placed to survey the understory shrubs. In total, there were 20 species of shrubs identified, which belong to 12 families with average values of H' is 0.671. The results show that almost 62.78% of the total Srengseng Urban Forest area has a H' diversity range of 1.001–1.500. In comparison, 8.62% of total urban forest area has an H' diversity range of 0.501-1.000. The area of urban forest with the lowest diversity in the H' diversity range of 0.000 to 0.500 reaches 28.58%. The eastern parts of the urban forest have the highest H' in comparison to the other parts of the forest. This study contributes to the conservation and forestry management of forest at an urban scale by identifying parts of the urban forest that should be conserved in the Srengseng. To conclude, the eastern parts of Srengseng Urban Forest sizing 64,765 m2 should be prioritized for understory shrub conservation.
Several physical properties of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell from different provenances and sampling position on tree
Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell is one of the species selected for the development of the plantation forest in Indonesia. In order to obtain a superior plant for the continuity of the plantation forest program, various tree breeding techniques are often applied, one of which is through best provenance selection. Conventional or advanced tree breeding program generally aims to obtain a fast-growing plant with good physical appearance. The program rarely gives attention to the properties/characteristics of timber produced. This aspect becomes the main background of this particular study which aims to investigate the effect of four provenances and also to examine the effect of sampling position on the trees on several physical properties of E. pellita. The result showed that the highest moisture content (97.34 + 15.67%) was found in the bottom part of trees from Indonesia provenance. While, the highest air-dry moisture content (15.15 + 0.20%) was observed in the top-part samples from Provenance North Kiriwo PNG. Samples from Provenance Serisa Village PNG have the highest density ranges, approximately 590 + 90 kg/m3 and 630 + 80 kg/m3 in the bottom-part samples and in the top-part samples, respectively. The highest T/R ratio, approximately 1.91 + 0.26, was observed in the bottom[1]part samples from Provenance South Kiriwa, PNG. The T/R ratio values of all provenances were less than 2, indicating the lumber will be possibly stable during its uses or further processing. Further result showed provenance factor significantly affect initial moisture content and density. Sampling position on trees only affect affects the initial moisture content. Based on the results, the timber of E. pellita being examined can be further used for light-to-medium construction purpose.
Copyright (c) 2018 Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea
Molasses Injection to Improve Growth and Vitality of Kesambi (Schleicera oleosa Merr) as Lac Insect Host Plant
Lac is a non-timber forest product derived from the secretion of Laccifer lacca insects that are cultivated in kesambi tree (Schleicera oleosa Merr). Low lac production in Indonesia due to poor conditions of host plant indicated by poor growth symptoms, yellowing, and falling leaves. The aim of this research was to study the effect of molasses injection on the growth and vitality of kesambi tree. Molasses were injected into the plant using passive liquid injection methods. Pre-research activities were carried out by the tree trunk injection in 0.5, 1.5, and 2 meters above the ground using gentian violet to determine the best stem injection position, while the main research activity was performed by injection of the kesambi tree trunk using molasses in concentrations of 5, 10, 15% and water as control. The parameters measured at the pre-study was translocation length of gentian violet whereas at the main research were the volume uptake, the increase of branch diameter growth, total sugar content and chlorophyll content. Pre-research results showed that 1.5 meters above the ground is the best injection position. The main research results indicated that the highest volume uptake was water followed by others treatments. Molasses injection at concentration of 10% gives better effect on the increase of branch diameter growth (4.3 mm), obtained sugar content in 18.46%. The vitality of kesambi tree also increased by the molasses injection at concentration of 10%. It was shown by thein creased of chlorophyll a (1.117 mg/g), b (0.416), carotene (0.365), and Anthocyanin (0.094 mg/100g).
An Assessment of Vegetation Variables in The Reclamation Area of The Ex-Gold Mining at Ratatotok, Southeast Minahasa
The reclamation area of the ex gold-mining PT. Newmont Minahasa Raya (PT. NMR) will be used as a botanic gardens. This study aims to assess the reclamation program's success based on a variable vegetation of the ex gold-mining area of PT. NMR for the basis of the next management. Observations of vegetation on each unit of area was done by nested sampling system, where plots were placed along a perpendicular transect in a contour line. Vegetation variables were recorded among other: species name, individual number, plot numbers, coordinates, temperature, humidity, canopy cover, and land cover. The effect of vegetation on both of two variable regions, revegetation area and non-revegetation area, was tested using discriminant analysis. The results showed that the vegetation composition of the ex gold mining area of PT. NMR was still dominated by introduction species i.e. gamal (Gliricidia sepium), mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla), and lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala). The diversity of understorey vegetation was middle category. The vegetation structure of the revegetation area was still in its infancy and has not yet reached climax conditions. However, revegetation efforts PT. NMR has succeeded in restoring the composition and structure of vegetation resembling to vegetation conditions in secondary forests. For supporting the ecosystem stability and promoting development programs of botanic gardens, were the enrichment of native vegetation and endangered species is needed.
Estimating The Abundance and Composition of Soil Seed Bank at Bekol Savanna in Baluran National Park, West Java
The composition of soil-seed bank reflects the condition of vegetation in the past and could be used for predicting the composition of plants that will grow in the future. This study aims to determine the amount and composition of soil-seed bank in Bekol savanna, Baluran National Park. Soil samples were taken using a combination method of quadrat-transect on the invaded and not invaded areas by Acacia nilotica. Soil samples were extracted using wet-sieving method. After the extraction process, the seeds were identified and calculated using a stereo microscope. The result showed that soil-seed bank density was lower at the invaded location (7,566.88 seeds/m3) as compared to the uninvaded location (16,798.3 seeds/m3). The soil-seed bank was found in the invaded site comprising 12 species of broadleaved weeds and 5 species of grasses from 7 families, whereas those in the uninvaded area consisted of 10 species of broadleaved weeds and 7 species of grass from 8 families. This study showed that the invasion of A. nilotica significantly affected the amount and composition of soil-seed bank in various soil depths of Bekol savanna.