Torani Journal of Fisheries and Marine Science
Torani Journal of Fisheries and Marine Science is a peer-reviewed, bilingual (English/Indonesian) journal specializing in tropical fisheries and marine research. Its dual geographical focus is on Indonesia's marine territories (especially the Wallacea region) and comparable tropical marine ecosystems worldwide. We prioritize cutting-edge studies on Wallacea's unique marine biodiversity hotspot, encompassing its coral triangle ecosystems, transboundary fisheries, and endemic species conservation, while remaining open to relevant research from other tropical regions that offer transferable insights for Indonesian waters. The journal serves as a scientific nexus connecting field-based research, policy formulation, and community-based marine management, particularly addressing: 1. Wallacea-specific challenges: marine protected area management, migratory species conservation, and small island fisheries 2. Pan-tropical fisheries and marine issues: climate resilience, sustainable fisheries, and smart aquaculture, and blue economy innovations All submissions must include full English metadata (title/abstract/keywords), with Indonesian-language articles requiring extended English abstracts to ensure global discoverability. We encourage transdisciplinary studies integrating traditional ecological knowledge with modern marine science in the Wallacea context.
Literature Review of Identification and Understanding of Microplastics Contamination in The Biosphere
Microplastics are plastic particles with a size less than 5 mm which pose a growing concern in terms of ecotoxicology in aquatic environments and human health. Despite the widespread presence of microplastic pollution in land, water, and air, these environments are often viewed in isolation, although they are intricately interconnected. This study endeavors to examine the existing scientific literature pertaining to microplastic research across various environmental compartments and identify research gaps to shape future priorities. Scientific papers addressing microplastic pollution, published between 2014 and 2023, have been identified in the Web of Science database. Original research articles categorized under Environmental Sciences, Marine/Freshwater Biology, Toxicology, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Environmental Studies, Oceanography, Limnology, and Ecology in the Web of Science are chosen for a detailed investigation into microplastic research in seas, estuaries, rivers, lakes, soil, and the atmosphere. The selected papers for seas, estuaries, rivers, and lakes are further categorized based on (i) occurrence and characterization, (ii) uptake by and effects on organisms, and (iii) issues related to fate and transport. The findings indicate that, despite significant scientific research on marine microplastics, our understanding of the extent of microplastic pollution in continental environments, including rivers, lakes, soil, and air, as well as the associated environmental interactions, remains limited.
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Evaluation of Nutritional Composition and Lead Detection in Suckermouth Catfish (Pterygoplichthys sp.) Egg Flour as a Candidate Feed Additive for Fish Feed
This study aims to evaluate the nutritional value and heavy metal lead (Pb) content in suckermouth catfish (Pterygoplichthys sp.) egg meal as a candidate feed additive in fish feed. The fish eggs were obtained from fishermen's catches in public waters in East Java, then cleaned, dried, and processed into meal for analysis. The proximate parameters tested included protein, fat, crude fiber, and ash content using the AOAC standard method, while Pb content was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The results showed that suckermouth catfish egg meal had the following nutritional composition: protein 39.25±0.02%, fat 9.19±0.01%, crude fiber 2.36±0.03%, and ash 4.95±0.02%. This nutritional profile indicates that suckermouth catfish eggs are a high source of animal protein and have a low fiber content, thus having the potential to improve feed quality through the addition of essential amino acids and energy. Heavy metal Pb content was not detected within the sensitivity limits of the instrument, thus this product meets the safety aspects of feed ingredients related to heavy metal contamination. Overall, the results of this study indicate that suckermouth catfish egg meal has competitive nutritional value compared to several conventional feed ingredients and is safe from Pb contamination. Thus, this ingredient has the potential to be developed as an alternative feed additive in fish feed formulations.
Supply Chain Performance Analysis of Catfish Farmers in Kediri Case Study on Fish Hatchery
This study aims to analyze the supply chain system in catfish farming in Kediri, focusing on three main aspects: the flow of goods, financial flow, and information flow. It also aims to identify the actors involved in the supply chain and determine the appropriate supply chain model. This research was conducted from March to July 2025 among four catfish farmers in Kediri city and regency. The method used is a case study approach with interviews with four business actors consisting of catfish breeders and growers. The data analysis used exploratory descriptive analysis, explaining the actors involved in the supply chain, the flow of goods, the flow of money, and the flow of information in the form of graphs, tables, and figures. The results show that the flow of goods is dominated by an informal distribution network through middlemen, with distribution patterns varying between business actors depending on the type of business. With minimal intervention from the credit system and a high degree of trust between actors, financial flow occurs easily through cash and transfer channels. Without written contracts, information is communicated directly between people, making it less formal yet more flexible. The resulting supply chain model is a trust-based supply chain in which players cooperation is primarily driven by their social relationships. In order to increase the effectiveness, sustainability, and transparency of the supply chain for catfish farming in Kediri, this study suggests that institutional assistance and technology integration are necessary.
Perception Analysis of The Impact of Shrimp Pond Waste on The Income of Small-Scale Fisheries in Mallusetasi District, Barru Regency
Small-scale fisheries play a strategic role in the blue economy and food security in coastal regions. In Mallusetasi District, fishers still rely on traditional and environmentally friendly fishing gear, yet they remain vulnerable to changes in coastal ecosystems, including shrimp farming activities. This study aims to analyze the perceptions of small-scale fishers regarding the impact of shrimp pond waste on their income. A total of 40 respondents were selected through purposive sampling, and data were analyzed using a Likert scale and Spearman correlation. The Likert scale analysis produced a total score of 552, indicating that fishers perceive a decline in catch volume and income due to waste discharge and expansion of shrimp farms. However, the Spearman correlation test revealed no statistically significant relationship between shrimp farming activities and the income of small-scale fishers. These findings indicate a discrepancy between environmental perceptions and actual economic conditions, suggesting that fishers are able to adapt and maintain their income through various coping strategies. Further investigation is required to better understand the socio-economic adaptation dynamics of small-scale fishers amid the pressures of coastal aquaculture activities.
Morphometric Analysis and Proximate Composition of Mole Crabs (Hippidae) from The Tial Coastal Area as a Potential Source of Functional Food
Sea anthills (Hippidae) are a class of crustaceans that live in tidal zones, with sandy substrates and have the potential to be used as an alternative food source. This research was conducted in November 2023 on Tial beach. Specifically, Tial beach is located east of Ambon Island with fine to medium sandy substrates. This research aims to identify the morphological characteristics of Hippidae, as well as analyze their nutritional content. The data collection method used 5 quadrant transects measuring 2 x 2 m with a distance of 8 m in each quadrant. The results showed that there were Hippidae species found, namely Hippa marmorata with a total of 49 individuals/50m2 with a carapace length ranging from 0.8 cm - 4 cm and a body weight of 0.49 gr - 6.58 gr. Morphometric analysis showed a very strong level of relationship between Hippa marmorata and its growth pattern is positive allometric. The proximate content shows that Hippa marmorata contains protein and fat to support its use as a functional food. These data provide important insights into the morphometric aspects and nutritional value of Hippa marmorata. The results support the use of Hippa marmorata as a low-fat and ecologically potent seafood source.
Unlocking Waste Potential: Nutritional Analysis of Sea Cucumber (Holothuria sp.) Viscera as Functional Feed
Sea cucumber (Holothuria sp.) viscera, commonly considered as waste in the sea cucumber processing industry, has been proven to possess significant nutritional value be utilized as a potential functional feed ingredient. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional content of sea cucumber viscera and assess its potential use as a supplementary feed ingredient in aquaculture. Proximate analysis results indicated that sea cucumber viscera contain high crude protein (39.69 ± 0.38 %) and crude fat (26.62 ± 0.41 %). A complete profile of essential amino acids was identified, with arginine (6,621.7 mg/kg) being the highest. Furthermore, sea cucumber viscera were dominated by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) at 52.89 %, including EPA (6.73 %) and DHA (7.46 %). Significant vitamin and mineral contents were also found, such as vitamin A (4.16 µg/g), vitamin C (84.67 µg/g), calcium (1,701.72 mg/L), and magnesium (542.38 mg/L). These findings highlight the potential of sea cucumber viscera as a crucial source of energy, protein, essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals for the growth and health of aquaculture organisms. Utilizing sea cucumber viscera as a feed ingredient not only provides a high-nutritional alternative feed but also supports circular economy and zero-waste principles in marine waste management.
Growth and Population Dynamics of Daphnia sp. on Different Fermented Nutrient Sources
Chicken manure is an organic material rich in nutrients and can be fermented using specific microbes to break down complex compounds into simpler forms. This fermentation process enhances the availability of nutrients that are more easily absorbed by aquatic organisms such as Daphnia sp., supporting their growth. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different nutrient treatments on the growth and population dynamics of Daphnia sp. Three treatments were tested: unfermented chicken manure (A), chicken manure fermented with EM4 (B), and chicken manure fermented with yeast (C), each with four replications. A total of 100 g of chicken manure was fermented for three days before being used as a culture medium for Daphnia sp. The cultivation of Daphnia sp. lasted for 12 days in 2 liters of clean water per container, with an initial density of 50 individuals/L. Parameters observed included daily population growth and the timing of peak population. The results showed that treatment B (chicken manure fermented with EM4) produced a significantly higher population growth rate (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the peak population of Daphnia sp. was observed simultaneously on day 9 across all treatments, based on descriptive observations. The population began increasing from the first day after stocking, peaked on day 9, and then declined until day 12 (end of the study). Water quality parameters during the study remained within a suitable range for Daphnia sp. growth. Therefore, fermentation of chicken manure using EM4 has the potential to improve the efficiency of Daphnia sp. population growth.
Optimizing N:P Ratios to Enhance Carbohydrate and Lipid Content in Outdoor Cultured Gracilaria verrucosa
A leading commodity that has the potential to be developed as an export commodity for Indonesia is seaweed. One type of Gracilaria that has economic value and is widely cultivated is Gracilaria verrucosa. This study aims to analyze the effect of nitrogen (N) and phospor (P) concentration ratio on carbohydrate and lipid content in G. verrucosa seaweed cultivated outdoors. This research was conducted in May-June 2023 at the Hatchery FIKP, Hasanuddin University. Seaweed seedlings were reared for 44 days using 70 cm diameter conical fiber tanks filled with 100 g/150 L of water. This study used a non-parametric method Kruskal-Wallis consisting of 3 treatments and each treatment consisted of 3 replicates so that there were 9 experimental units. Based on the results of Kruskal-wallis analysis showed significant differences in carbohydrate content in seaweed G. verrucosa). The highest carbohydrate content was obtained in the treatment with a ratio of 2 ppm : 1 ppm (A), which is 33.49%, treatment with 2 ppm : 1.5 ppm (B) is 29.56% and the lowest treatment was in the ratio of 2 ppm: 2 ppm (C) which is 29.28%. The highest lipid content was at a ratio of 2 ppm: 2 ppm (C) 0.84% and the lowest at a ratio of 2 ppm: The water quality parameters observed during the study were all suitable for the growth of G. verrucosa.
The Role of Social Capital in Production Decision Making and Production Relations among Seaweed Farmers in Punaga Village, Takalar Regency
This study aims to analyze the role of social capital in production decision-making and the formation of production relations among seaweed farmers in Punaga Village, South Sulawesi. A qualitative approach was employed using participant observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. The findings indicate that trust, communal norms, and local social networks are central to seaweed farming practices. Social capital functions as a mechanism for information exchange, access to production inputs, and collective labor arrangements. However, the research also reveals that strong social capital fosters patron client relationships that reinforce the dominance of punggawa/pappalele in controlling capital and distribution channels. Closed social networks produce exclusivity and limit economic mobility for new farmers. These findings suggest that social capital is ambivalent: while it supports social cohesion, it also reproduces structural inequality. Strengthening local institutions and developing more inclusive social capital are essential to promoting independence and equity in aquaculture production systems.
Effect of Different Fish Species on Growth of Fish in a Bucket Culture System (Budidamber)
This study aims to analyze the effect of different fish species on fish growth in a bucket aquaculture system (Budidamber). The study was conducted from July to September 2024 at the Dry Land Aquaculture Laboratory, Nusa Cendana University, Kupang, using 60 catfish (Clarias gariepinus), 60 tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and 60 patin fish (Pangasius sp.) with an average weight of ±10 grams and an average length of ±8 cm. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with three types of treatments, each repeated three times. The treatments were A (catfish), B (tilapia), and C (pangasius). The parameters observed included absolute weight gain, absolute length gain, and fish survival. The results of the analysis showed that the catfish treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on absolute weight gain. However, for the parameters of length increase and survival, no significant differences were found (P>0.05) between the three types of fish.
The Effect of Sample Preparation, Extraction Duration, and Precipitant Toward Carrageenan Characteristics which Extracted from Kappaphycus alvarezii
Carrageenan is a polysaccharide compound product produced from carrageenophyte seaweed extraction, one of which is Kappaphycus alvarezii. The yield and other characteristics are conventionally produced from an extraction process and have different results. This study aims to explore and optimize the characteristics of carrageenan produced by treating sample preparation with two types of precipitants at specific concentrations, setting the timing during the extraction process, and examining the interaction of these three treatments on the carrageenan characteristics. The results obtained showed that the yield value, acid-insoluble ash (AIA) content, and viscosity were influenced by the preparation method, specifically by chopping the seaweed before extraction. Additionally, the characteristics of the gel strength were influenced by the preparation method, specifically by blending the seaweed. The use of KCl precipitant affects the water content, AIA content, and viscosity, while the CaCl₂ precipitant affects the yield value and gel strength. 1-hour extraction process affected the characteristics of carrageenan for AIA content and gel strength, while extraction for 2 hours affected the yield value, water content, and viscosity. The interaction of 8% KOH solvent by cutting sample treatment, extracted for 2 hours and using KCl precipitant, produced good carrageenan characteristics for water content, AIA content, and viscosity.
Indonesian Blue Economy for Sustainable Fisheries
Blue economy is a management system for all aquatic ecosystem resources, including marine and terrestrial ecosystems, related to economic value, sustainability of ecosystems and production resources, and distribution of benefits. The adoption of this concept in Indonesia uses the term inclusive and sustainable blue economy to emphasize the equitable distribution of benefits from the development of the blue economy by ensuring the sustainability of its carrying capacity. This paper explains the importance of managing Indonesian fisheries resources based on the blue economy concept to ensure the sustainability of existing fisheries resources. The literature study method issued by agencies and strategic stakeholders is the primary reference in this study. In this study, it was found that the significant challenges faced were the problem of environmental damage due to illegal activities such as illegal fishing, damage to mangrove forests, seagrass ecosystems, coral reefs, and production activities and the fisheries industry that often pays little attention to sustainability aspects so that it is deemed necessary to implement sustainable fisheries management policies that must focus on several urgent matters to achieve Indonesia's blue economy goals. Based on this, as a role model for research purposes, recommendations and research efforts have been made with a roadmap for the sustainable use of pelagic fisheries resources based on Indonesia's blue economy program in the Bone Bay area. Sustainable fisheries management based on the blue economy concept can be developed and applied well through collaboration and synergy with all existing stakeholders consisting of the government, universities, NGOs, and fishing communities.
Study of Utilization of Cold Chain Facilities at Bungus Ocean Fishing Port, West Sumatra
Cold chain facilities, such as ice factories, Air blast freezer (ABF) and cold storage are important components that support improving and maintaining the quality of caught products at the Bungus Ocean Fisheries Port (PPS). This research was carried out at the Samudera Bungus Fishing Harbor on November 4 – November 22 2024. The research method used in this research was the survey method, by distributing questionnaires to users of cooling facilities at PPS Bungus, the number of respondents used was 30 respondents. The results of the research show that in the cold chain facilities at the Bungus Ocean fishing port, 1 unit of ice factory facility with a capacity of 44 tons/day is in good condition. Then there are 3 units of ABF facilities available, consisting of 2 units with a capacity of 3 tons/24 hours freezing in good condition, 1 unit with a capacity of 3 tons/24 hours in a heavily damaged condition, and finally a cold storage facility of 1 unit with a capacity of 100 tons in good condition. From the results of the analysis that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the level of utilization of cold chain facilities at the Bungus Ocean Fishing Port, namely the ice factory facility is 61.82% in the not optimal category with a satisfaction level of 79% or in the satisfied category, the Air blast freezer (ABF) facility is 18.17% in the not optimal category, and the cold storage facility is 16.35% in the not optimal category.
Small-scale Fishermen's Adaptation to Climate Change Impacts in Coastal Areas and Small Islands in Pangkep Regency
Climate change is a global challenge that has significant impacts on the fisheries sector. This phenomenon involves increasing global temperatures, changing weather patterns, rising sea levels, and increasing the frequency and intensity of natural disasters. Climate change not only threatens marine ecosystems but also affects the livelihoods of coastal communities, especially small-scale fishers who depend on fisheries resources for their survival. This study aims to analysis the economic adaptation of small-scale fishers in facing the impacts of climate change. The research was conducted from May to October 2024 in Pangkajene Islands Regency (Pangkep). This research used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection through interviews, questionnaires, field observations, and literature studies. Respondents in this study were 50 fishermen who were selected purposively. Data analysis used with descriptive qualitative. The results show that climate change has a significant impact on fishing patterns and catches. The increase in sea temperature, high waves, and storms cause a decrease in productivity and increase the risk of damage to fishing gear. In facing these challenges, fishers apply economic adaptation strategies such as livelihood diversification, regulation of fishing period/time, improving fishing technology, changing fishing areas, and strengthening community cooperation. This research recommends strengthening the capacity of fishermen through training, access to microfinance, and development of disaster-resistant infrastructure. The results of this study are expected to serve as a basis for the government and stakeholders in formulating community-based adaptation policies to increase the resilience of small-scale fishing communities to the impacts of climate change.
Trends in Indonesia's Fishery Commodity Exports
Indonesia is one of the largest seafood producing countries in the world, with significant fisheries potential to support national economic growth. This study aim to analyzes the export volume and value trends of Indonesia's fishery products from 2018 to 2023, focusing on key commodities such as shrimp, tuna, seaweed, crabs, and lobster. The data used includes annual export volume and value for each commodity. The analysis results show that the volume of Indonesia's fishery exports fluctuated, with a significant increase until 2020 (1,262,830 tons) and a decline in 2021 and 2022, although it remained stable in 2023 (1,221,196 tons). The export value also showed a significant increasing trend, peaking in 2022 at 6,242,085 USD, before decreasing to 5,630,947 USD in 2023. Despite the decline in the last two years, the fishery sector in Indonesia continues to make a significant contribution to the national economy, with key commodities maintaining high competitiveness in the international market. These findings are important for the development of strategies that can boost Indonesia's fishery exports and strengthen its position as a leading global exporter.
Comparative Analysis of Consumer Preferences for Meatballs with 70% Barracuda Fish (Sphyraena barracuda) and 9% Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii)
This study aims to analyze consumer preferences for meatballs formulated with 70% barracuda fish (Sphyraena barracuda) and 9% seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii), and to compare them with conventional meatballs. The method used is an organoleptic test involving 20 respondents in Makassar City. Respondents assessed four main aspects: taste, aroma, texture, and appearance, using a Likert scale (1–5). Descriptive analysis results show that barracuda fish meatballs scored higher in texture (4.0) compared to conventional meatballs (3.7), while conventional meatballs were superior in taste (4.5 versus 4.2). The t-test results indicate that the difference in texture is significant (p < 0.05), whereas the differences in taste, aroma, and appearance are not significant (p > 0.05). Overall, meatballs made with barracuda fish and seaweed have potential for commercial development, especially as a healthier alternative with optimal nutritional value.
Strategy for Enhancing the Performance of Marine and Fisheries Resources Surveillance (Case Study at the Marine and Fisheries Resources Surveillance Base in Tual)
This study aims to formulate strategies to enhance the performance of marine and fisheries resource surveillance at the Marine and Fisheries Resources Surveillance Base (PSDKP) in Tual. The effectiveness of surveillance is a key factor in preserving resources and preventing illegal activities that harm the state. This research employs two main analytical approaches, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and SWOT analysis, to identify and prioritize the most relevant strategies. The AHP results indicate that human resources (HR) have the highest weight (0.657), followed by infrastructure and surveillance systems (0.259), and policy (0.084). Based on the SWOT analysis, the prioritized strategies include enhancing HR capacity with a weight of 0.571, developing surveillance systems with a weight of 0.191, strengthening cooperation with a weight of 0.123, and advocating for policy and lobbying with a weight of 0.114. The implementation of these strategies is expected to improve surveillance effectiveness, reduce violations, and support the sustainability of marine and fisheries resources in the PSDKP Tual area.
Productivity Scenedesmus sp. in Various Cultivation Media
Scenedesmus sp. is one of the microalgae that is used as natural food for fish seeds or larvae. Scenedesmus sp. contains 8-56% protein, 10-52% carbohydrates, 2-40% fat, and 3-6% nucleic acid. Scenedesmus sp. also contains fatty acids in the form of lauric acid (0.22%), myrsiric acid (0.34%), linolenic acid (16.16%), glycerol trilaurate (3.73%), and vanil laurate (35.52%). Cultivation of Scenedesmus sp. can be done using inorganic fertilizer or waste water media. The types of inorganic fertilizer commonly used for cultivation are urea, KCL, TSP, Intermediate, Raja Bandeng brand. Meanwhile, waste water media can be used for cultivating Scenedesmus sp. namely tofu liquid waste water, milk waste water, bean sprout extract media, textile waste water. The results of cultivation in this media have an influence on the productivity of Scenedesmus sp.
Physical Test of Sinking Feed Made from Fermented Fish Filet Waste Meal
Fish feed is an important factor in aquaculture, where the physical properties of sinking feed affect its efficient use by fish. Waste fish filets have potential as an alternative feed, but farmers have difficulty finding high-quality feed at affordable prices. This study aims to determine the physical properties of feed with the addition of fermented fish filet waste flour (TLFIF). The method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replicates: P0 (control, without TLFIF), P1 (10% TLFIF), P2 (20% TLFIF), P3 (30% TLFIF), and P4 (40% TLFIF). Parameters observed included: appearance test, aroma, texture, durability test, homogeneity test, and feed sinking speed test. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and descriptive analysis. The best TLFIF addition research results were found in the 10% treatment (P1), which had a durability of 98.80%, homogeneity of 42.67%, and a sinking speed of 7.15 seconds/20 cm. The feed's appearance is light brown in color, cylindrical in shape, and fairly uniform in size, with a dense, fibrous texture, a slightly rough surface, and a slight fermentation aroma.
Level of Likeness of Sausages Based on Type of Demersal Fish
Processing fish meat as soon as possible is very important to increase its added value. The demand for processed fish products that is currently increasing is fish sausages. This research aims to determine the appropriate type of demersal fish meat as the main ingredient for making sausages based on the level of organoleptic preference. The research method used was experimental with a completely randomized trial design with three treatments. The three treatments are fish meat, pomfret, snapper and grouper meat. The fish sausages obtained from the three treatments were observed for their level of preference for appearance, aroma, texture and taste. The data obtained were analyzed using non-parametric statistics, the Friedman test and the multiple compression test. The Bayes method was used to determine the selected treatment. The results showed that the level of preference for the appearance, aroma, texture and taste of fish sausages was not influenced by the type of demersal fish meat used. Fish sausages made from snapper fish are preferred over sausages made from grouper or pomfret fish. The snapper sausage has a favorite level in the category of appearance, aroma, texture and taste. The average value of appearance favorability is 7.13 with a favorability percentage of 79.3%. The average value of aroma preference level is 6.20 with a percentage preference level of 68.9%. The average value for texture preference level is 7.13 with a percentage preference level of 79.3%. The average value of taste preference level is 6.86 with a percentage preference level of 76.3%.
The Effect of Adding Thyroxine Hormone (T4) to Commercial Feed on The Growth Profile of Pompano (Trachinotus blochii, Lacapede)
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of adding commercial feed with various concentrations of the hormone thyroxine (T4) on the growth profile of star pomfret (T. Blochii, Lacapede). This research was conducted for 50 days at BPBL Sekotong. The method used is an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) which includes 4 treatment levels and 3 replications. consisting of: P1: control (without thyroxine hormone), P2: thyroxine hormone 1 mg/kg feed, P3: thyroxine hormone 1.5 mg/kg feed, P4: thyroxine hormone 2 mg/kg feed. Parameters measured were absolute weight, absolute length, specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (EP), feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival (SR) and water quality. Data were analyzed using variance (ANNOVA) and continued with Duncan's test. The addition of the concentration of thyroxone hormone (T4) in commercial feed can affect the growth of star pomfret but does not affect the value of feed utilization efficiency (EPP), feed conversion (FCR) and survival (SR). The addition of the concentration of thyroxine hormone (T4) 2 mg/kg in commercial feed is the best treatment in star pomfret culture, because it can provide an absolute weight of 7.69 g, an absolute length of 3.50 cm, and a specific growth rate of 2.28%/day.
Ornamental Fish Marketing Mix Strategy in Jatinegara Ornamental Fish Market
This study aims to determine the characteristics of sellers and analyze the 7P marketing mix strategy applied in the Jatinegara Ornamental Fish Market. The research will be conducted from August 2023 to September 2023 at the Jatinegara Ornamental Fish Market, Jatinegara District, East Jakarta. The research method used is the case study method, with a sampling technique that is purposive sampling. The data analysis used is Descriptive Marketing Mix. The results of research on ornamental fish sellers have male characteristics with the domicile of Jatinegara District, age range 26-40 years with the majority of the last high school education / equivalent. Sellers in this market earn an average income per day of Rp 1,500,000 – Rp 2,000,000 with 4-6 years of sales experience. The results of marketing mix research applied to the Jatinegara Ornamental Fish Market can be seen from the 7P point of view, namely 1) The results of the marketing mix in products include product diversity and types of packaging for transporting ornamental fish, 2) The results of the marketing mix in prices include price variations and causes of price variations, 3) The results of the marketing mix carried out include sales locations that are narrow land and no parking space is available, 4) Physical evidence include product arrangement and product information on display, 5) The results of the marketing mix in people include informative seller attitudes, 6) Promotion includes promotional media, 7) The process includes payment methods and receipts.
Catfish Jambal Roti Pangasius sp: Product Characteristics based on Salt Concentration and Fermentation Length
Catfish (Pangasius sp.) has high nutritional value and can be used to make various products, one of which is jambal roti. This research aims to determine the characteristics of jambal bread based on fermentation time and salt concentration. The research used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern with three levels of fermentation duration (A), namely A1:24 hours, A2:36 hours and A3:48 hours at two levels of salt concentration (B), namely B1:25% and B2:30% repeated 3 times. The parameters assessed are sensory characteristics, total plate number, water content, ash content and salt content. The results showed that the sensory values ​​were appearance (7.82-8.30), smell (8.14-8.25), taste (8.04-8.41), texture (7.66-8.68), mold (9.00). The research results also showed total plate number (0-1.037 x 103), water content (26.99 - 32.29%), ash content (18.98 - 23.34%) and salt content (19.44 - 24,50%). ALT meets standard quality requirements (SNI 2721.1-2009), water content complies with SNI (8376:2017), ash content does not meet the SNI (8376:2017), and salt content in 2 samples (A1B2 and A2B2) only meets SNI (8376:2017). The characteristics of Catfish Jambal Roti Patin this study, in general, are in accordance with SNI (8376:2017)
A Review on Chicken Feather Flour Potential for Fish Feed
The escalating demand for chicken meat over the years has led to a corresponding increase in waste generation, particularly chicken feathers. While efforts such as making dusters and cocks have been undertaken to address this issue, they have yielded limited success in effectively managing chicken feather waste. Given the significant levels of nutrients, including protein and amino acids, present in this waste, it holds immense potential as a raw material for fish feed. However, the utilization of chicken feather waste remains relatively uncommon due to the challenging digestibility of its large crude protein structure, primarily composed of keratin protein. Thus, preprocessing is essential to degrade the keratin within chicken feathers, rendering it digestible for fish. This review aims to provide an overview of the potential utilization of chicken feather meal in aquaculture, particularly in fish feed formulations, by exploring its nutritional value and various processing methods to enhance the quality of this raw material.
Development Center of Minapolitan Area in Wajo District
Regional development with a Minapolitan concept is part of the marine and fisheries industrialization policy strategy which aims to realize accelerated increases in the income of cultivators, fishermen, processors, and marketers by integrating upstream and downstream production systems to increase the scale and quality of production, productivity, competitiveness and added value for sustainable marine and fisheries resources. The Minapolitan program is designed to increase the competitiveness of fisheries commodities which is then targeted to increase regional competitiveness and reduce the gap between urban and rural areas. This activity is intended to formulate a development center for the Minapolitan area of ​​Wajo District which will become the basis for preparing technical work plans for related agencies. Based on field results, it was found that the marine and fisheries resource potential of Wajo District was mapped into two resource potential zones, namely (1) the coastal subdistrict area (Bola, Takkalalla, Sajoanging, Penrang, Keera and Pitumpanua subdistricts) which is directly connected to the waters of Bone Gulf for the utilization of potential resources of capture fisheries and aquaculture (marine cultivation and pond cultivation); and inland fisheries areas, especially in the Tempe lake area (Sabangparu, Tempe, Tanasitolo and Belawa subdistricts). Utilization of the potential of the coastal areas of the District of Wajo, with its characteristics of an open water area directly bordering Gulf of Bone, has more potential for the development of capture fisheries, marine aquaculture, and brackish/pond cultivation with the superior commodities of seaweed and mangrove crabs as well as coastal ecotourism. Meanwhile, the Tempe Lake area is more geared towards fishing, cultivating freshwater fish and limited area management for ecotourism activities.
Analysis the Effect of the Moon Phase in Optimization of Growth and Survival Mangrove Crabs (Scylla olivacea) in Silvofishery Systems
Silvofishery is a cultivation activity in mangrove or mangrove areas, the type of biota that can be cultivated in mangrove areas using a silvofishery system, one of which is mangrove crab (Scylla olivacea). The research was carried out in the mangrove area of ​​Mandalle Village, Mandalle District, Pangkajene and Islands Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The test animal used was a male mangrove crab (S. olivacea) weighing 146–168 g which was kept in a circular bamboo cage with a diameter of 2.25 m. The results of the Kruskal Wallis analysis show that the moon phase has a significant effect on the absolute growth and daily growth rate of mud crabs, the dark moon phase produces the highest average absolute growth of 14.53 g with a daily growth rate of 0.57%/day. Meanwhile, the full moon phase produced the lowest average absolute growth of 7.82 g with a daily growth rate of 0.32%/day. The results of the Kruskal Wallis analysis showed that differences in lunar phases had no significant effect on the survival of mud crabs.
The Utilization of Pangas Catfish Fish Skin (Pangasius pangasius) in Making Skin Chips
Catfish is a popular freshwater fish and is in great demand as a consumption fish because catfish meat has a delicious taste and is quite high in calories and protein. Catfish skin as a by-product of fillet production can be used as raw material for processing chips. This research aims to determine the effect of soaking ingredients on the physical and chemical characteristics of catfish skin chips. This research was carried out by making catfish skin chips through the process of first washing, first soaking with soaking materials, second washing, second soaking in spices, drying, cutting, frying, and packed. The treatment in this research is the soaking material (in the first soaking) used. There were 4 treatments with different soaking ingredients, including: P0 (control), P1 (lime), P2 (acetic acid/vinegar), and P3 (palm vinegar). After the skin chips with the 4 treatments have been produced, quality testing is carried out on the product. Tests were carried out on yield, consumer acceptability through hedonic testing, physical characteristics of skin chips through analysis of crispness, efflorescence and oil absorption, chemical characteristics through proximate analysis, and microbial contamination through ALT analysis. Treatment P1 is known to have the highest yield, crispness, oil absorption capacity, and efflorescence ability among other treatments. Next, the products tested for chemical content are selected based on the treatment that obtains the highest level of consumer acceptance. Based on hedonic testing, it is known that P1 is the treatment most sought after by consumers. From the results of the chemical analysis that has been carried out, the ash content and protein content of fish skin chips in P1 is higher than P0, but has a lower water content than P0. The Total Plate Number (ALT) value for each catfish skin chips parameter exceeds the standard limit of SNI 7388:2009, namely 5x105 CFU/g.
Diversitas and Distribution Pattern of Sea Cucumbers in Bajo Village Boalemo Sub District Tomini Bay Gorontalo
This research aims to determine the types, characteristics, diversity and distribution patterns of sea cucumbers in Bajo Village, Tilamuta District, Boalemo Regency. This research was conducted for 3 months starting from August to October 2022. Data collection on sea cucumber was carried out at 3 stations with 3 quadrants at each station with a quadrant size 4×25 meters, samples were taken at low tide during the day and at night. In addition, measurements of the physical and chemical quality parameters of the waters were also carried out. Based on the results of the study, 9 species pf sea cucumbers were found in Bajo Village, Tilamuta Sub District: Holothuria scabra, Holothuria atra, Holothuria coluber, Holothuria fuscocinerea, Stichopus vastus/gammat, Holothuria hilla, Actinopyga miliaris, Bohadchia similis, and Synapta maculata. Moreover, the abundance of sea cucumbers in the waters of Bajo Village, Tilamuta Sub District, Boalemo Regency, was found during daytime sampling. The diversity of sea cucumbers in the waters of Bajo Village ranges from 1,59–1,89 which is included in the medium category according to the Shannon-Wiener. In short, the distribution pattern of sea cucumbers in the waters of Bajo Village is more dominant in living in groups.
Optimization of Service Factors in PPI Tanjung Limau Bontang in Supporting Fishing Activites
Utilization and optimization of service facilities at the PPI Tanjung Limau Bontang in supporting fishing businesses and strategies for developing service facilities in increasing fishing business activities that utilize the PPI Tanjung Limau Bontang. In this regard, an analysis is carried out to achieve priority alternative strategies. So that the achievement of service optimization can be carried out properly and sustainably. The aim of the study was to analyze the optimization of the utilization of available facilities and to analyze the strategy for optimizing the PPI Tanjung Limau to be applied in developing services under current conditions. the results of calculating the optimal utilization of service facilities, namely the TPI Building, Mooring Pier, Port Administration Office, Meeting Hall, Guard Post, IPAL, Kiosk or Shop and Parking Area. Meanwhile, service facilities whose utilization rate is not optimal are land 87%, Wharf unloading 50%, SPBN 80%, clean water tank 66.67%, electrical installation 20.67%, MCK (toilet) 66.67%, shipping lanes 65, 38% and anchorage pond 19.43%. The results of the SWOT analysis showed that the coordinate X value on the Cartesius diagram 0.77 and the coordinate Y 0.36 and the implementation of the strategy S-O (Strength-opportunity).
Analysis of Compliance Level of Fishing Activities In The Natuna Sea
Illegal fishing in Indonesian territorial waters, especially by foreign fishermen, has harmed the Indonesian state financially, because it has contributed greatly in reducing productivity and catches very significantly. It has has also threatened the sustainability of the utilization of Indonesia’s marine fishery resources. Economic losses due to IUUF are not only in the form of state income which reaches the range of Rp. 30 trillion per year, but also the loss of opportunities to utilize fish resources of around 1 million tons of fish each year that can be caught (harvested) by Indonesian fishermen, and what happens is in fact stolen by foreign fishermen. entering Indonesian waters. Foreign fishermen who often enter Indonesian waters, among others, come from Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Malaysia. To prevent and overcome IUUF activities, one of the steps taken by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (KKP) of the Republic of Indonesia through the Directorate General of Supervision of Marine and Fishery Resources (DITJEN PSDKP) is to supervise fisheries such as fishing activities in the fisheries management area of ​​the Republic of Indonesia. Supervisory implementation is carried out by the Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) PSDKP. UPT Directorate General of PSDKP in handling its duties is supported by the Marine and Fishery Resources Supervision Unit (PSDKP Satker) and Marine and Fishery Resources Monitoring Post (PSDKP Post) spread throughout Indonesia. In carrying out its duties, the Fisheries Supervisory Vessel may stop, inspect, carry, and detain ships suspected of violating the law to the nearest port for further processing. In addition, based on Law No. 31 of 2004 concerning Fisheries, as amended by Law No. 45 of 2009, in certain cases Fishery Supervisory Vessels, in this case, fishery supervisors or Fisheries Civil Servants Investigators, can also take special actions in the form of drowning. The high level of fishing activity in the Indonesian State Fisheries Management Area 711 must be accompanied by adequate monitoring activities to ensure compliance by business actors, both industrial scale and small fishermen, so that the sustainability of fisheries resources can be maintained.