Jurnal Riset Veteriner Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Veterinary Research)
Jurnal Riset Veteriner Indonesia (Journal of the Indonesian Veterinary Research) is an open access, double blind peer-reviewed, print and online journal that publishes in the form of original research, review, case study, short communication in any areas of sciences of veterinary, animal sciences, biomedical sciences, biotechnology, biology, animal laboratory and biodiversity of animals. Manuscript should be produced from latest research or study. Manuscript is written in English. (ISSN Print: 2614-0187, ISSN Online: 2615-2835). Indexing and Abstracting:Sinta (S4), Google Scholar, Garuda, Asean Citation Index, CiteFactor, OneSearch, DRJI, Index Copernicus, BASE, Crossref
The EFFECTIVENESS OF MANGO LEAF EXTRACT SUPPLEMENTATION (MANGIFERA INDICA L.) ON METABOLIC DISEASE PANEL OF WISTAR RATS (RATTUS NORVEGICUS) INDUCED BY HIGH-FAT DIET
High-calorie foods can cause obesity if consumed in excess. Obesity occurs due to excessive fat accumulation in the body. Excess weight is a major risk factor for secondary disorders in pets, such as diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus occurs due to high blood glucose levels. Mango leaf extract contains bioactive compounds that can lower and normalise blood glucose levels and can be used as a supplement. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of mango leaf extract supplementation induced by a high-fat diet on blood glucose levels. This study used arumanis and golek mango leaf. The methods used were extraction and in vivo testing. Extraction was performed on mango leaf, and the extraction results were administered to test animals in vivo. The phytochemical results showed that arumanis and golek mango leaf contain flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins. The results showed that arumanis mango leaf extract was more effective in lowering blood glucose levels than golek mango leaf extract. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of knowledge about supplements and drug substitutes, as well as to identify more practical methods for drug therapy for diabetes mellitus in pets.
Copyright (c) 2026 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Detection of Antibiotic Residues in Chicken Eggs from Traditional Markets at Maros Regency Using Bioassay Method
Chicken eggs stand as a cornerstone of food security and a vital source of affordable, high-quality animal protein for much of the Indonesian population. However, the food safety integrity of this strategic commodity is currently facing severe challenges due to the threat of antibiotic residues, which have been identified as a primary driver of the global crisis of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). The root of this issue often stems from suboptimal health management practices at the farm level, specifically the widespread negligence regarding the mandatory withdrawal period before harvest. This oversight results in the retention and accumulation of veterinary drug residues in animal products intended for human consumption. The presence of antibiotic residues in the food chain is not merely a technical livestock issue but a critical public health threat. Long-term exposure to low-dose residues can trigger bacterial resistance in the human body, leading to reduced efficacy of medical treatments (therapeutic failure) during infections. Furthermore, these residues pose potential risks of hypersensitivity reactions and toxicological effects on consumers. Addressing this urgency, this study was meticulously designed to identify the presence and calculate the prevalence of residues from four major antibiotic classes: Penicillin (PEN), Macrolide (MCR), Aminoglycoside (AMG), and Tetracycline (TCY). The research focused on commercial layer eggs circulated in traditional markets within Maros Regency, South Sulawesi, to analyze residue distribution patterns based on sampling locations. This study employed a cross-sectional design, collecting a total of 50 egg samples from four strategic districts: Turikale, Marusu, Lau, and Bantimurung. To ensure data validity, residue analysis was conducted at the Veterinary Public Health Laboratory of the Maros Veterinary Center (Balai Besar Veteriner Maros). The method utilized was a bioassay screening test strictly adhering to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 7424:2008. The laboratory investigation revealed critical findings: the overall prevalence of antibiotic residues was 12%, with 6 out of 50 samples confirmed positive. Specific results indicated that all positive samples were contaminated solely by Penicillin group residues. Meanwhile, residues from the Macrolide, Aminoglycoside, and Tetracycline groups were not detected in any of the tested samples. These findings highlight a specific dependency on beta-lactam antibiotics in the region and underscore the critical need for stricter monitoring and farmer education regarding responsible antibiotic usage to ensure consumer safety. Keywords: antibiotic residues, egg, bioassay
Copyright (c) 2025 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effect Of Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis) Extract Administration on The Sex Ratio Of Mice (Mus musculus)
Passion fruit is known for its rich nutritional content. It contains several antioxidants that may influence the reproductive system of animals. Among these antioxidants is chrysin, a flavonoid compound abundantly present in passion fruit. This study aimed to determine the effect of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) extract on the sex ratio of mice (Mus musculus) and to identify the optimal dose that may influence the proportion of male offspring. The research was conducted at the Animal Laboratory and Reproduction Laboratory of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hasanuddin University, from May to July 2025. A total of 72 mice were divided into four groups: a control group (K0) and three treatment groups (P1, P2, P3) that received Passiflora edulis extract at doses of 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW, and 400 mg/kg BW, respectively, administered orally for 28 days. Data on the offspring sex ratio were analyzed using ANOVA with a 5% significance level. The results showed that groups P1 and P2 tended to have a higher proportion of male offspring compared to the control, with the highest ratio observed in P2 (1.56 ± 0.97). However, the difference among treatments was not statistically significant (P>0.05). This trend may be associated with the presence of chrysin, a flavonoid compound in passion fruit that functions as an antioxidant and aromatase inhibitor, potentially enhancing Y-sperm viability and testosterone levels. In conclusion, the administration of Passiflora edulis extract tended to increase the proportion of male offspring, although the results were not statistically significant. Further research with a larger sample size, longer treatment duration, and tighter control of female reproductive variables is needed to confirm these findings. Keywords: Chrysin, mice, passion fruit, sex ratio
Fetal Mummification in a Friesian Holstein Cow in West Bandung Regency
This report describes a case of fetal mummification in a Friesian Holstein cow on a smallholder farm in Indonesia. The cow, in its second pregnancy at approximately four months of gestation, had exhibited vaginal discharge for about 10 hours before examination. Clinical inspection revealed a reddish-brown discharge from the vagina, and the cow was found in sternal recumbency. Per-vaginal palpation showed that the cervix was dilated to approximately a hand's width. The palpation also indicated the absence of fremitus, fetal movement, fetal reflexes, placentomes, and amniotic fluid. The fetus was palpable, dry, and firm. Management of the case involved the extraction of the fetus along with the placenta. Pathological findings included the absence of amniotic fluid, a reddish-brown placenta, and a dry fetus with fully developed and intact bones, which had a blood-like odor but was not foul-smelling. The post-treatment included intrauterine administration of Neo-Kotrimok® (four boluses) and an intramuscular injection of Vitol-140® (10 mL). The prognosis was classified as fausta-dubius. Based on anamnesis, clinical examination findings, and pathological findings, the cow was diagnosed with fetal mummification, a reproductive disorder affecting pregnancy.
Diagnosis and treatment of non-infectious cystitis in domestic cats at the Hasanuddin University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Makassar
Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) is a term used to describe a condition that can affect the urinary bladder and lower urinary tract. Cystitis is an inflammatory disease of the urinary bladder caused by infectious and non-infectious agents, namely urine crystals. The occurrence of crystals in the urinary tract often occurs in cats that consume high-mineral and calcium feed without adequate water intake. The cat case complained of not urinating for three days, abdominal distension, and pain in the urinary bladder. Examination methods with routine hematology, ultrasonography, native tests, urine dipsticks, bacterial cultures, and native tests were carried out at the Unhas Veterinary Teaching Hospital. The diagnosis of Cystitis was confirmed by laboratory examination results found struvite crystals found >10 crystals/HPF, ultrasound examination showed hyperechoic appearance in the urinary bladder, urine dipstick test pH 7.5 and protein +++, hematology results found an increase in MCV values ​​and a decrease in Hb, MCHC and PCT indicators. . Handling of this case with catheter installation and fluid therapy. Treatment with antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, and supportive drugs vitamins and immune boosters. Also given a diet feed to prevent recurrence of the case
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Survey of Cattle Farmers in Makassar towards Animal Welfare
Animal welfare is a critical aspect of livestock management, yet its implementation among smallholder farmers often remains inadequate. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of cattle farmers in Tamangapa Subdistrict, Manggala District, Makassar City, Indonesia, where cattle are grazed at the Tamangapa urban landfill. A structured questionnaire was administered to 32 respondents, and data were analyzed using Spearman correlation, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tests. Results revealed an average knowledge score of 0.92 (out of 1), an attitude score of 4.59 (out of 5), and a practice score of 3.07 (out of 5). No significant correlations were observed between knowledge, attitudes, and practices. However, significant positive correlations were observed between knowledge and the number of cattle (ρ = 0.548; p = 0.001) and between attitude and education (ρ = 0.362; p = 0.042), and a negative correlation between attitude and age (ρ = −0.468; p = 0.007). These results highlight the influence of demographic factors on animal welfare awareness and behaviors, emphasizing the need for targeted education and training programs to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice.
Program to Improve the Quality of Life for Local Male Cats Through Sterilization
Background: The increase in the feral cat population is a problem that needs to be addressed, as this population growth is feared to increase the risk of zoonoses, or disease transmission from animals to humans. A solution to this population increase is to carry out sterilization measures. Research Objective: To determine the effect of sterilization on the quality of life of local male cats. Research Method: This research uses an experimental and descriptive approach, with cats as the research subjects, to examine the effect of sterilization on improving the quality of life of cats. The quality of life parameters for the cats consist of three factors: body health, ability to survive, and stress level. Body health is determined through physical and hematological examinations. The ability to survive is assessed based on the cat's age, while stress levels are measured by observing the cat's stress-related behavior after sterilization. The results of the study showed that the body health parameters were in normal condition, as indicated by the RBC and WBC profiles being within normal levels. The survival parameters showed that all cats were able to survive, and the stress level parameters indicated that the cats were calmer and less aggressive after sterilization. Keywords : Cats, Sterilization
The Palatability Level of the Application of Animal Welfare Aspects in Laboratory Animal Management at the Animal Lab of Hasanuddin University Veterinary Teaching Hospital
According to Law Number 18 of 2009, animal welfare encompasses all aspects related to the physical and mental condition of animals based on their natural behaviors. Animal welfare includes how the management of laboratory animal housing is evaluated in terms of cage conditions, environment, and nutritional fulfillment. The objective of this study is to examine the correlation between the application of animal welfare aspects, including housing management, environment, and nutrition, on the palatability levels of laboratory animals. The research method involved dividing the treatment groups into eight groups, with each group consisting of three rats, for a total of 24 rats. The rat groups were categorized based on housing management, which was assessed based on cage size and body weight, sterilized versus non-sterilized bedding, optimum versus non-optimum temperature and humidity, and the frequency of feeding once a day or twice a day. The results showed that groups one and two exhibited higher average palatability levels compared to the other groups (17.5 and 16.5 grams, respectively), while groups four and five exhibited the lowest palatability levels (10.5 and 11.5 grams). Normality tests indicated that the data were normally distributed (P>0.05), and homogeneity tests showed that the data from the different groups were consistent (homogeneous) (P>0.05). Based on the normality and homogeneity tests, statistical analysis (ANOVA) was conducted. The ANOVA results indicated a significant effect (P<0.05) of animal welfare aspect implementation in housing management on palatability levels. This finding suggests that animal welfare aspects influence the palatability of Wistar rats. In conclusion, the application of animal welfare aspects in housing management affects the palatability levels of laboratory animals. Keywords: Animal welfare, Laboratory animals, Palatability
Used of Turmeric in Handling Myiasis in Bali Cattle in North Sinjai District, South Sulawesi
Myasis is a disease that commonly occurs in ruminants with the incidence of myasis increasing from year to year in Indonesia, especially in rural areas, with an incidence rate of 70% and a recurrence rate of up to 40% in cattle, buffalo, horses and goats. This disease is characterized by the presence of wounds and maggots. The presence of secondary infections will make the disease worse. Therefore, it is necessary to handle miasis cases so that they do not cause losses to farmers. A 7 year old of bali cattle in the North Sinjai district experienced miasis on the head. Treatment for myasis includes washing the wound, removing maggots and administering medication. Treatment uses the antibiotic oxytetracycline, anti-inflammatories, and vitamins as well as turmeric powder as a topical treatment. With the handling and treatment given, the cow showed recovery within 2 weeks. There is a need to improve election management so that this miasis incident does not happen again. As well as the need for socialization from related departments regarding livestock diseases and livestock rearing management.
Effectiveness Analysis Of Corn Silk Ointment As A Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic
Antibiotic resistance has become a major challenge in wound management, prompting the need for alternative treatments that are both safe and effective. Corn silk (Zea mays L.), a widely available agricultural byproduct, is rich in phenolic compounds known for their anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of corn silk extract-based ointments against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, two bacteria commonly associated with wound infections. Corn silk was extracted using the maceration method with 70% ethanol, and the resulting thick extract underwent phytochemical screening. The extract was formulated into ointments at concentrations of 5%, 7%, and 9%, which were then evaluated for their physical characteristics, including organoleptic properties, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesiveness, and pH. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the disk diffusion method, with Bioplacenton® as the positive control. Statistical analysis was performed using One Way ANOVA with IBM SPSS® 25 and Graph Prism® 8. Results indicated that the 7% concentration ointment exhibited the largest inhibition zone, outperforming other concentrations and the positive control, suggesting significant antibacterial activity. Furthermore, all ointment formulations met physical quality standards, ensuring their suitability for topical use. These findings highlight the potential of corn silk extract-based ointments as effective alternatives for managing bacterial skin infections, particularly at a 7% concentration. By utilizing agricultural waste, this study not only addresses sustainability issues but also provides a promising solution to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. Further research is recommended to explore the underlying mechanisms and expand its applications in clinical settings.
The Potential of House Geckos in the Spread of Salmonellosis in Makassar City
Salmonellosis is a significant global public health concern caused by the bacterium Salmonella spp. As a zoonotic disease, it can be transmitted between animals and humans, leading to various clinical symptoms in humans, including gastroenteritis, diarrhea, vomiting, enteric fever, and septicemia. This study examines the presence of Salmonella spp. in house geckos (Hemidactylus frenatus and Cosymbotus platyurus), which may act as zoonotic reservoirs. A total of 50 house geckos were collected from residential areas across five districts in Makassar City—Biringkanaya, Tamalanrea, Tallo, Manggala, and Rappocini—from March to September 2024. Skin, oral, and fecal samples from the geckos were cultured on nutrient agar, brain heart infusion broth, and selective Salmonella-Shigella agar, with bacterial identification confirmed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Findings revealed the presence of Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica in geckos from the Manggala district, highlighting a potential pathway for environmental contamination and zoonotic disease transmission. This study underscores the need for public awareness regarding the health risks associated with household reptiles and emphasizes preventive sanitation measures to reduce potential pathogen exposure. These findings serve as a foundation for future research on zoonotic reservoirs in urban environments.
Copyright (c) 2024 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Radiographic Image of Fracture Healing with Bone Graft Equine Hydroxyapatite (BGEH) Implantation in Rabbits
Background: Fractures refer to the obstruction of bone continuity due to trauma, stress, or pathological abnormalities. One method to accelerate fracture healing is through bone graft implantation. Horses are commonly utilized by society, but horse bones are difficult for decomposers to break down, resulting in waste. However, the calcium and phosphorus content in horse bones is quite high, making them a potential material for bone grafting due to their more compact and hard structure. Research Objective: Research Objective: To make a bone graft from horse bones called Bone Graft Equine Hydroxyapatites (BGEH) and evaluate its effectiveness for fracture healing. Research Method: The sample in this study used eight rabbits and divided into two groups. The first group was the control group by doing defect in femur rabbit without any implantation, while the second group was the treatment group with horse bone graft (BGEH) implantation. The research procedure consisted of two stages: the creation of horse bone grafts and testing on experimental animal. Results: In two weeks, the control group showed the formation of a soft callus characterized by low density at the edges of the fragments. In contrast, the treatment group with BGEH showed the formation of a thin callus distributed evenly across the entire bone defect area provided by high opacity in whole defect of bone. At six weeks, the control group showed that the bone area was not yet completely covered but had reduced in defect diameter, whereas the treatment group had achieved complete closure due to the formation of a more organized hard callus and new bone formation. The results indicated that the use of horse bone grafts could be an alternative for fracture management as it could accelerate bone healing. Keywords: Fracture, bone graft, hydroxyapatite, BGEH, equine
Assessment of Spotted Deer Welfare Utilizing the Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare Approach
The practice of wild animal captivity serves to augment their populations and preserve their genetic integrity. The spotted deer (Axis axis) captive area at Hasanuddin University’s Faculty of Animal Science not only serves these conservation objectives but also provides an interactive experience for visitors. The welfare of these captive deer is influenced by feed management strategies, the adequacy of facilities, and the impact of visitor interactions. This study employs a semi-quantitative approach to assess the welfare practices for spotted deer at the university’s breeding center. The assessment is structured around the questionnaire provided in the Regulation of the Director General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation No. P.6/IV-SET/2011 concerning Guidelines for Assessment of Conservation Institutions, which utilizes the five freedoms of animal welfare as its assessment framework. Observations and interviews reveal that the welfare provision for the spotted deer is rated at 66.8%, qualifying it as adequate. The assessment highlights areas where improvements can be made to enhance the overall well-being of the deer, such as customized feeding and handling of pregnant and lactating deer as well as visitor interaction management.
Representation of Cat Moslem Owners’ Opinion on Orchiectomy and Ovariohysterectomy for Cat Overpopulation Control
Extremely high reproducibility in cats can be a problem due to the limited ability of humans to adequately care for cats. Overpopulation of cats in an area leads to animal and environmental health problems. In veterinary practice, surgical sterilization is the most recommended treatment to overcome the problem of overpopulation. However, many Moslem communities who are doubt this treatment because of Islamic law. This study aims to determine Moslem community opinion on orchiectomy and ovariohysterectomy surgery as an effort to control the cat population. The research was conducted through an online survey of 83 Moslem cat owners. The statement that the sterilization treatment for cats was not in accordance with Islamic law was approved by 12.30% of respondents and strongly agreed by 7.40% of respondents. Around 30.50% of respondents have neutral opinion, 31.50% of respondents agreed and 18.30% strongly agreed. Cat sterilization with certain medical reasons was not approved by 2.40% of respondents and strongly disapproved by 1.20% of respondents. Neutral opinion was given by 9.60% of respondents, 61.40% of respondents agreed and 27.70% strongly agreed. Respondents agreed that cat sterilization is against the nature of cats as creatures of Allah (23.10%) and strongly agreed (6.00%). Around 25.50% have a neutral opinion and 32.10% disagree and 13.30% strongly disagree. The obligation of humans to care about animal health problems is agreed by 53.24% of respondents and 42.20% strongly agree. Neutral opinion is 2.40% and disagree is 2.40%. A total of 36.30% of respondents agreed even though the Prophet's cat was not sterilized and 14.50% strongly agreed. Around 27.50% are neutral, 16.90% disagree and 4.80% strongly disagree. It was concluded that most of the Moslem community who keep cats have no problem with orchiectomy and ovariohysterectomy surgery to reduce cat overpopulation, some do not know and some do not agree. Keywords: Representation, cat, Moslem, owners, orchiectomy, ovariohysterectomy
Comparative Histology of the Skin Between Sumba Ongole Cattle (Bos indicus) and Bali Cattle (Bos sondaicus)
This study aims to determine the histological structure of the skin and the distribution of sweat glands in Sumba ongole and Bali cattle. Skin samples from the nuchalis and fascia superfialis dorsalis regions were collected from six Sumba ongole cattle slaughtered at the East Sumba slaughterhouse and six Bali cattle slaughtered at the Oeba Kupang slaughterhouse. The samples were fixed in 10% formalin, histological preparations were made, and HE staining was performed. The results showed that the histological structure of the skin of Sumba ongole and Bali cattle was similar to other mammals, with three layers: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The mean number of sweat glands in the nuchalis region of Sumba ongole cattle (13.33 ± 5.13/mm2) was higher than that of Bali cattle, while the fascia superfialis dorsalis region of Bali cattle had a higher average number of sweat glands (13.66 ± 4.16/mm2) than in Sumba ongole cattle
The Effect of Tamarilo Katarrung (Chypomandra betaceae) Extract Changes on Histology Description of the Testis of White Rats (Rattus norvegicus l) Wistar Strains Induced by Gentamicin
Gentamicin is an antibiotic from the aminoglycoside group that works by inhibiting protein synthesis but has side effects such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity and can induce oxidative stress in the testes. Oxidative stress is when the number of free radicals increases or the amount of antioxidants decreases. Oxidative stress induction in the testes has a degenerative effect on the testes, so the normal function and structure are disturbed. Dutch eggplant is one of the natural antioxidants that have the potential to protect cells from damage caused by oxidative stress. The utilization of this fruit extract has been proven to have secondary metabolic components in the form of phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids, which are antioxidants. This study aimed to examine the effect of tamarillo katarrung extract on the histology of the testes of gentamicin-induced Wistar rats. The research was conducted at the Integrated Laboratory of Animal Clinic Education, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. The sample used in this study amounted to 20 white rats of the Wistar strain, which were divided into four groups. The negative control group (K-) was untreated rats, and the positive control group (K+) was given gentamicin 20mg/kg BW induction for 11 days. The first treatment group (P1) was given tamarillo katarrung extract 200mg/kg BW for 14 days and gentamicin 20mg/kg BW for 11 days, while the second treatment (P2) was given tamarillo katarrung extract 200mg/kg BW for 14 days and gentamicin 20mg/kg BW for 11 days. The results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between groups K+ and K-, P1 and P2. The histological description of the rat testes with the Johnson score shows that the tamarillo katarrung extract can defend testicular tissue from damage due to oxidative stress with the most optimal dose of 200 mg/kg BW. Keywords: tamarillo katarrung, antioxidant, gentamicin, rat
Automatic formed cotton buds delivery agent of antiparasitic drugs from Annona muricata leaves as a preventive and curative therapy towards Otodectes cynotis infection in pets: An in vivo proof of concept study
The practice of keeping pet animals have gained popularity in society, with the owning number of pets that reach 67%, particularly 37% for cats and 16% for dogs. Since animals have been considered family members nowadays, keeping them means that the owner is willing to contribute to maintaining their health and hygiene, which is crucial to prevent the spread of diseases that can affect both the pet and their owner. One common issue in animal health is the infection caused by the ear mite called Otodectes cynotis, which can lead to external ear canal inflammation. Current treatment for Otodectes cynotis infection is utilizing the topical application of synthetic drugs that contain antiparasitic synthetical drugs inside such as ivermectin and doramectin, due to the potential side effects and the threat caused by the tight therapy dose index in antiparasitic drugs, the alternative treatments including modified cotton buds and the use of herbal remedies have been developed to upgrade, to solve and to invent the novelty of science. This research aims to prove the hypothesis of the effectiveness of soursop leaf extract in eradicating Otodectes cynotis in animals, prescribing the required concentration to generate effective results yet to investigate the potential of modified cotton buds as a product of equipment. The outcomes of this study are expected to facilitate the development of knowledge in parasitic drugs and herbal medicine substitutes yet to innovate the more practical way to perform drug therapy for external otitis in pet animals caused by Otodectes cynotis
A Case Handling Bladder Stone on The Turtle (Centrochelys sulcata) At The Griya Animal Lestari Clinic, Semarang
Turtles are reptiles that are very easy to recognize because they have a distinctive body shape. A distinctive characteristic of turtles is the presence of a shell called a carapace on the dorsal part and a plastron on the ventral part. Turtle Centrochelys In their habitat, turtles eat green vegetables. Green vegetables contain quite high levels of calcium oxalate which causes this bladder stone in the turtle's bladder C. sulcata. The purpose of this writing is to find out how to handle it bladder stone on the turtle C. sulcata.The treatment method is carried out by surgery using assistance Rochester carmalt hemostatic forceps through the turtle's cloaca to remove the calculi. The results obtained were that the calculi were successfully removed with the formation of oxalate crystals, the therapy given was neprolith medication. Conclusion the turtle experienced bladder stone, The calculi were successfully removed with treatment Rochester carmalt hemostatic forceps.
Bentonite Addition in Quail Diet (Coturnix-Coturnix Japonica) on Egg Weight, Shell Weight and Shell Thickness
The objective of this study was to see whether addition bentonite to quail rations affected egg weight, shell weight, and shell thickness. For a period of three months, this study was carried out in the cage of Fapet Farm, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Jambi University. The instruments and materials utilized in this investigation were quails aged 49 days, with up to 180 quails, and 20 units of quail cages measuring 60 x 45 x 45 cm each unit, with 9 quails in each unit. Bentonite, yellow corn, fish meal, bone meal, bran, CaCO3, soy meal, premix, lysine, methionine, and oil had been used as diet components. This study used a group randomized design (GRD) with 5 groups and 4 treatments. The treatments were P0 (0% bentonite), P1 (1% bentonite), P2 (2% bentonite), and P3 (3% bentonite). Feed consumption, drinking water intake, egg weight, shell weight, and thickness are among the variables that had been determined. The data collected was analyzed using ANOVA, and Duncan's Multiple Range Test was employed if the treatment had a statistically significant impact on the measured variables. The study found that utilizing bentonite up to 3% had no influence on feed consumption, water consumption, egg production, or egg weight or thickness. Conclusion: The addition of bentonite to quail diets had no effect on egg weight, shell weight, or shell thickness
Feline Panleucopenia in Bengal Cats at Hasanuddin University Animal Educational Hospital
Feline panleukopenia is an infectious disease that attacks cats, especially cats that have not been vaccinated at a young age. The main cause of this disease is feline panleukopenia virus which belongs to the Parvoviridae family. Panleukopenia virus is a non-enveloped single-stranded DNA virus and can cause fever, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, leukopenia, vomiting, depression, dehydration and diarrhea with a high mortality rate. The purpose of writing this case study is to determine the description and treatment of the disease in cases of feline panleukopenia in cats using diagnostic methods including history taking, physical examination and further examination. The results of the physical examination showed that the cat had decreased appetite. Body weight was 2.6 kg and rectal temperature was 38.6 °C. The patient also experienced dehydration which was indicated by checking skin turgor which reached >2 seconds and visible nictitans membranes. Then, inflammation of the ears, anorexia, vomiting and diarrhea were found. Treatment is carried out by administering fluid therapy, antibiotics, anti-diarrhea, anti-vomiting and multivitamins.
Copyright (c) 2023 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effect of Noise Stress Exposusre on Heart Histopathology of White Rat (Rattus Norvegicus)
Noise is one of stressors that can occur over a long period and adversely affect health if it exceeds the ability to adapt. The heart plays a significant role and is the main organ in distributing oxygen, substances, minerals, and other organic substances in the blood. The samples used in this study amounted to 24 white male rats divided into four groups. Group K1 is a control rat that does not give treatment, Group P1 is given noise treatment for 6 hours of exposure, Group P2 with 9 hours of exposure, and Group P3 with a dose of 12 hours of exposure. Heart samples were collected and histology preparations were obtain by Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining, and microscopic observe were made with 10μm and 40μm magnification. The results of the study were then adjusted to degree of damage and analyzed using the Kruskall-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney test to showing changes in the form of necrosis and inflammation due to noise stress with different levels of damage and obtained a value below the critical value (p<0.05). The degree of damage that occurs is in line with the length of noise exposure given. Severe damage occurred in Group 3 with noise exposer of 12 hours/day for 29 days.
Treatment of Feline Panleukopenia Virus Disease at Miracle Animal Clinic, Surabaya
Feline Panleukopenia Virus (FPV) is a viral disease caused by the Parvoviridae family. FPV can attack cats, especially young felidae. FPV has high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to find a treatment of Feline Panleukopenia Virus at Mircale Animal Clinic Surabaya. The research was conducted in February 2022. The results showed that there were 8 cats with positive FPV test kit result. All of cats had sama clinical sign include vomiting, diarrhea and anorexia Treatment of Feline Panleukopenia Virus at Mircale Animal Clinic Surabaya through administration of fluid therapy, antacids, anti-inflammatories, B complex vitamins and antibiotics. Prevention of FPV through vaccination, sanitation, and environmental hygiene. Keywords: Feline Panleukopenia Virus, Treatment, Miracle Animal Clinic Surabaya
Activity Test of bitter melon Leaf Infusion (Momordica charantia) as an anthelmintic toward Ascaridia galli worms in vitro
Ascaridia galli is a gastrointestinal parasite in poultry which can cause weight loss, slow growth and affect egg production. Chickens that are infected can cause damage to the integrity of the intestinal villi to severe inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. Bitter melon leaf (Momordica charantia) is known to have an anthelmintic effect which can be used as an alternative in the treatment of worms disease. The purpose of the research is to determine activity of bitter melon leaf infusion toward Ascaridia galli conducted in vitro. In the research, it uses 72 Ascaridia galli that divided into 4 groups consisting of positive control group (Levamid), negative control group (Aquadest), and 2 treatment group with 10%, and 20% bitter melon leaf infusion concentration, respectively. Each group replicated three times. The worms were immersed in the test solution and observations were performed every 15 minutes and counted the number of worms that died. The results showed that pare leaf infusion with concentrations of 10% and 20% had an anthelmintic effect but was no better than Levamid as a positive control.
Haematological Profile of Fracture Rabbit with Horse Bone Graft Implant
Fractures are commonly find in the world of veterinary practitioners. Fractures do not only occur as a result of accidents, but can also occur due to bone diseases or due to an imbalance nutrition in animals. One method that can be used to increase the healing process is through bone implantation. Bone graft is a material to speed up the bone healing process because it can provide mechanical support and signals to the body's molecules to maximize tissue growth. Bone implants that are often used and commonly found are bovine bone implants. Another implant material that we can use is horse bone. Bone grafts from horse bones have not been widely studied. Horse bone has the potential to be used as bone graft material because it has a more compact and harder structure. The aim of this study was to asseess the haematological profile of fracture rabbit with horse bone graft. The experimental animal used was a rabbit. A total of 12 rabbits were divided into three groups, namely the control group, the group with horse bone graft, and the group with commercial bone graft. Horse bone graft is obtained from horse bone waste through sintering and hydroxyapatite synthesis processes. Blood collection was performed pre-surgery, week 2 and week 6 postoperatively to see the response and description of blood cells against bone graft. The results of hemoglobin and erythrocyte examinations showed no significant difference between the three groups (P<0.05). Hemoglobin level in rabbits implanted with horse bone grafts was still at normal levels, except for the erythrocyte levels which were slightly below normal after surgery.
Detection of Theileria sp. in Grazing Cattle at Tamangapa Landfill Makassar
This study aims to detect the occurrence or absence of Theileria sp. parasitic infection in cattle grazed at the Tamangapa Makassar landfill. This research was conducted in January 2022- February 2023. Many samples used in this study were 43 samples from the total cattle population in the study site of 781 cows. The sample used in this study was blood made by Giemsa staining. The data analysis used in this study is descriptive analysis. The results showed that from 43 samples there were 31 negative samples and 12 samples were positive for Theileria sp. in cattle grazed at the Tamangapa Makassar landfill. This can be seen from observations under a microscope, which is seen the formation of rods or sticks in erythrocyte cells. The positive samples were divided into several categories, based on the sex of the presentation of Theileria sp. cases in female cattle (32.43%) higher than in males (0%). Based on age, the ≥2 (39%) year old category is higher than the <2 years old category (20%). The conclusion of this study was that in cattle at the Tamangapa Makassar landfill, there was a parasitic infection with Theileria sp. and the incidence presentation was 27.91%. The suggestion for this study is that further research should be carried out in the future using diagnostic tests in determining species using PCR. In addition, researchers can then pay better attention to conditions that can be risk factors for this disease.
Isolation and Identification of Shigella sp. in Cattle Feces in Tamangapa Final Disposal Place, Makassar City
Beef cattle are one of the most widely developed types of fauna by the people of Indonesia because they are supported by Indonesia's land area which reaches 1,922,570 km² and has a favorable climate, namely a tropical climate. However, this does not apply to urban areas where limited grazing land is one of the reasons urban breeders graze cattle in final disposal site (TPA) as is done by the people around the Tamangapa TPA, Makassar City. One of the impacts of grazing cattle in the final disposal site is contamination of the cow feed with various microorganisms such as Shigella sp bacteria which can cause shigellosis. Shigellosis is a zoonotic disease and can be transmitted through contaminated food such as raw eggs, raw meat, vegetables or from contaminated water. Diarrhea in toddlers 26.7% is caused by Shigella sp. This study aims to isolate and identify Shigella sp. in cow feces at the Tamangapa final disposal site (TPA) in Makassar City. The samples taken were 28 samples from 17 farms around the TPA Tamangapa Makassar City. Samples that have been taken are then stored in a transport medium and then the isolation and identification process is carried out using Nutrient Agar (NA) media, gram staining, Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA) and biochemical tests which include TSIA, SIM, MR-VP, urease and citrate. The results showed the level of infection with Shigella sp. in the feces of cows grazed around the TPA Tamangapa Makassar City was low where of the 28 stool samples tested, only 2 samples (7%) were positively contaminated with Shigella sp
The Description Blood Profile In Hemorrhagic Shock Rabbits Treated With Ringer's Lactate and Gelatin Resuscitation
Background: Hemorrhagic shock is a condition that causes rapid and significant loss of intravascular blood volume, further leading to hemodynamic instability, decreased oxygen delivery, decreased tissue perfusion, cellular hypoxia, organ damage, and death. In conditions of hemorrhagic shock, measures are needed to prevent death in both humans and animals, one of which is by providing fluid therapy such as lactate ringer and gelatin. The purpose of the study: to see the effect of resuscitation of lactate and gelatin ringer fluid from the aspect of animal blood profile includes total erythrocytes, hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (Hb). Research method: the sample in the study using male rabbits as many as 12 rabbits was divided into four groups: The negative control group (NC) was a healthy group without bleeding, the positive control group (PC) was the group given the bleeding treatment, the treatment group 1 (TG1) was the bleeding group and was treated with lactate ringer, and the treatment group 2 (TG2) was the bleeding group and treated a combination of lactate ringer and gelatin. Rabbits are bleeding with a presentation of 30% until they reach a state of hemorrhagic shock then shock is maintained for 45 minutes before resuscitation of fluid and for 60 minutes given fluid resuscitation. The results of the study: showed that the NC, PC, TG1, and TG2 groups showed a decrease in HCT values of 1.6%, 11.3%, 9% and 12%, respectively. Meanwhile, Hb values in rabbits decreased on average to 22 gr / dl, 13 gr / dl, 24.4 gr / dl and 20.9 gr / dl. Meanwhile, the total erythrocyte value showed a decrease in the average value reaching 2.48 x 106 / μL, 3.16 x 106 / μL, 4.2 x 106 / μL, and 3.9 x 106 / μL. The decline that occurs in the NC group is normal because the decrease that occurs is influenced by blood sampling, but in the PC, TG1, and TG2 groups are affected by the bleeding process. Based on the results of the study, it shows an increase in the indicators of Hb and Total Erythrocytes, this shows that giving fluid resuscitation to rabbits who experience hemorrhagic shock gives better results to the blood profile picture. Background: Hemorrhagic shock is a condition that causes rapid and significant loss of intravascular blood volume, further leading to hemodynamic instability, decreased oxygen delivery, decreased tissue perfusion, cellular hypoxia, organ damage, and death. In conditions of hemorrhagic shock, measures are needed to prevent death in both humans and animals, one of which is by providing fluid therapy such as lactate ringer and gelatin. The purpose of the study: to see the effect of resuscitation of lactate and gelatin ringer fluid from the aspect of animal blood profile includes total erythrocytes, hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (Hb). Research method: the sample in the study using male rabbits as many as 12 rabbits was divided into four groups: The negative control group (NC) was a healthy group without bleeding, the positive control group (PC) was the group given the bleeding treatment, the treatment group 1 (TG1) was the bleeding group and was treated with lactate ringer, and the treatment group 2 (TG2) was the bleeding group and treated a combination of lactate ringer and gelatin. Rabbits are bleeding with a presentation of 30% until they reach a state of hemorrhagic shock then shock is maintained for 45 minutes before resuscitation of fluid and for 60 minutes given fluid resuscitation. The results of the study: showed that the NC, PC, TG1, and TG2 groups showed a decrease in HCT values of 1.6%, 11.3%, 9% and 12%, respectively. Meanwhile, Hb values in rabbits decreased on average to 22 gr / dl, 13 gr / dl, 24.4 gr / dl and 20.9 gr / dl. Meanwhile, the total erythrocyte value showed a decrease in the average value reaching 2.48 x 106 / μL, 3.16 x 106 / μL, 4.2 x 106 / μL, and 3.9 x 106 / μL. The decline that occurs in the NC group is normal because the decrease that occurs is influenced by blood sampling, but in the PC, TG1, and TG2 groups are affected by the bleeding process. Based on the results of the study, it shows an increase in the indicators of Hb and Total Erythrocytes, this shows that giving fluid resuscitation to rabbits who experience hemorrhagic shock gives better results to the blood profile picture.
Effect of administration of ajwa date extract on renal histopathological changes in meloxicam induced in rats
Objective: This study aimed to examine the nephroprotector effect of ajwa date extract on the kidneys of white rats induced by meloxicam. Methods: 25 male (Rattus norvegicus) rats weighing 200-300 g were divided into 5 groups (n = 5), namely group 1 healthy control without meloxicam and ajwa date extract, group 2 negative control with meloxicam 30mg/kgBB without ajwa dates, group 4 with ajwa date extract 150mg/kgBW and meloxicam 30mg/kgBW, and group 5 with ajwa date extract 300mg/kgBW and meloxicam 30mg/kgBW. The treatment was given for 14 days, on the 15th day a necropsy was performed to take kidney organs for microscopic evaluation or histipathological examination. Results: Meloxicam at a dose of 30mg/kgBW caused damage to the kidneys with observations of glomerular hemorrhage, tubular necrosis, hydropic degeneration and narrowing of the tubular lumen as well as narrowing of the capsular space with an average degree of damage reaching 75% while ajwa date extract doses of 150 and 300mg/kgBW has a nephroprotector effect against meloxicam induction. Conclusion: Ajwa date extract doses of 150 and 300mg/kgBW had a nephroprotector effect on meloxicam induction.
Kidney Histopatology of Mice (Mus musculus) Infected with Trypanosoma evansi and Distributed Garlic Extract (Allium sativum)
evansi is a blood parasite that is responsible for the occurrence of surra disease or also known as trypanosomiasis. The T. evansi cells are able to be damaged by the Allicin content of garlic. In the kidney itself, the parts that affect in the case of infection are namely tubules and glomerulus and can be identified through histopathology inspection by taking into account the level of damage. This research is aimed at studying the figure of mice kidney histopathology (M. musculus) that has been being infected by T. evansi and being distributed by garlic extract (A. sativum) with graded dose then compared to the distribution of commercial drug Tryponil. The samples used in this study were 30 mice with 6 treatment groups. P0 group was not infected by T. evansi, P1 group was infected by T. evansi without treatment, P2, P3, and P4 group respectively were infected by T. evansi and distributed garlic extract with 1,4 mg, 2,8 mg, and 5,6 doses respectively. In other hand, P5 group was distributed commercial drug namely Tryponil. The extraction method was through maserasi method. The distribution of the treatment was done in 3 days, euthanized and necropsied on mice in the purpose of organ harvesting for histology sampling with embedding method, blocking, and hematoxylin eosin coloring. The results showed that the closest to the distribution of commercial drug was the distribution of 5,6 mg dose (high dose), where both the treatments showed the result that the damage was not much, then followed by the distribution of 2,8 mg dose (fair dose) and 1,4 mg dose (light dose).
Diagnostic case study and treatment of Giardiasis in cat at Rvet Clinic Bogor
Giardia sp. is a digestive tract protozoan that can cause Giardiasis. This disease is classified as a water-borne parasitic disease. Giardiasis infects cats, especially cats who have a habit of drinking raw water or sewage. This case study aims to learn the treatment given to cats with Giardiasis. The cat in this study was named Memed, a cat with a mixed Persian breed and was 1.5 years old. Memed came to the RVet Bogor clinic with a grievance of diarrhea without blood for six days and was not accompanied by vomiting. The owner explained the cat was often released and drank water carelessly. Memed was diagnosed with Giardiasis after discovering of Giardia cysts in stool samples that were observed using the fecal flotation technique. Memed was given medical therapy using Metronidazole and vitamin B12 preparations. After the 5th post-therapy day, Memed was declared cured of giardiasis, characterized by the consistency returning to normal and no Giardia cysts found in the feces. Keywords: Giardiasis, Cats, Fecal Flotation, Metronidazole