Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University
PEMANFAATAN TUMBUHAN OBAT TRADISONAL OLEH MASYARAKAT DUSUN BUKIT TUA, KABUPATEN LANGKAT
Pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat tradisional merupakan bagian penting dalam sistem kesehatan masyarakat berbasis kearifan lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat tradisional oleh masyarakat Dusun Bukit Tua, Kabupaten Langkat, meliputi jenis tumbuhan, bagian yang digunakan, cara pengolahan dan cara penggunaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan teknik wawancara terhadap 10 responden yang dipilih menggunakan metode snowball sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 20 spesies tumbuhan obat yang tergolong dalam 17 famili, dengan famili yang dominan yaitu Zingiberaceae, Acanthaceae, dan Amaryllidaceae. Bagian tumbuhan yang paling banyak digunakan adalah daun (12 spesies), sedangkan metode pengolahan yang paling umum adalah dengan cara direbus. Cara penggunaan yang dominan adalah dengan diminum. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan tradisional masyarakat masih terjaga dengan baik dan memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai alternatif pengobatan berbasis sumber daya hayati lokal. Kata kunci : Tumbuhan obat, tnobotani, pengetahuan tradisional, Dusun Bukit Tua.
Copyright (c) 2026 BIOMA : JURNAL BIOLOGI MAKASSAR
IDENTIFIKASI KEANEKARAGAMAN FILUM MOLLUSCA DALAM EKOSISTEM TANPA VEGETASI DI PANTAI BOTUTONUO KECAMATAN KABILA BONE, KABUPATEN BONE BOLANGO, GORONTALO
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keanekaragaman jenis Mollusca pada ekosistem tanpa vegetasi di Pantai Botutonuo, Kecamatan Kabila Bone, Kabupaten Bone Bolango, Provinsi Gorontalo. Pengambilan data dilaksanakan pada tanggal 20 April 2024 menggunakan metode jelajah (survey) dengan dokumentasi fotografi terhadap setiap spesimen yang ditemukan. Analisis data menggunakan Indeks Keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener (H’). Hasil pengamatan menemukan 4 jenis Mollusca dengan total 20 individu, meliputi kelas Bivalvia (genus Anadara) dan kelas Gastropoda (genus Nucella dan Melania). Nilai indeks keanekaragaman H’ = 1,32 menunjukkan tingkat keanekaragaman sedang. Keanekaragaman yang tergolong sedang ini diduga dipengaruhi oleh minimnya vegetasi pantai yang berfungsi sebagai sumber makanan dan perlindungan bagi Mollusca.
Putri Nurul Pratiwi Abas, Dwi Yuliana Polamolo
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN TURI Sesbania grandiflora L. TERHADAP Staphylococcus Aureus
Infeksi luka, khususnya pascabedah, merupakan masalah signifikan dalam dunia kesehatan karena dapat meningkatkan morbiditas, memperpanjang masa perawatan, hingga berisiko menyebabkan kematian. Staphylococcus aureus adalah bakteri Gram positif yang sering menjadi penyebab utama infeksi luka dan semakin sulit ditangani akibat tingginya angka resistensi antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun turi Sesbania grandiflora L. terhadap Staphylococcus aureus secara in vitro sebagai alternatif antibakteri berbahan alam. Ekstraksi daun turi dilakukan menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cakram Kirby–Bauer dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 25% dan 50%, serta kontrol positif (amoksisilin) dan kontrol negatif (aquades). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun turi mampu menghambat pertumbuhan S. aureus dengan zona hambat 9 ± 2,83 mm pada konsentrasi 25% dan 12,5 ± 3,54 mm pada konsentrasi 50%, yang dikategorikan sebagai daya hambat kuat. Analisis GC-MS mengidentifikasi lima senyawa dominan pada ekstrak, yaitu cis-13-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester; 2,6,10,14,18-pentamethyl-eicosapentaene; phytol; hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester; dan methyl stearate, yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antibakteri, antiinflamasi, dan antioksidan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, ekstrak daun turi memiliki potensi sebagai agen antibakteri alami terhadap S. aureus, terutama pada konsentrasi tinggi. Kata kunci: Sesbania grandiflora L., antibakteri, Staphylococcus aureus, ekstrak etanol, GC-MS.
OPTIMASI STERILISASI EKSPLAN SEGMEN NODUS DARI CABANG ELO (Ficus racemosa L.) UNTUK INDUKSI TUNAS IN VITRO
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk optimalisasi perlakuan sterilisasi cabang Elo sebagai sumber eksplan segmen nodus dan mengevaluasi komposisi larutan forcing untuk memcahkan dormansi dan memacu pertumbuhan tunas aksilar in vitro. Cabang elo sepanjang 20 cm diambil dari pohon Elo (Ficus racemosa L.) dewasa di Kebun Botani, Departemen Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Brawijaya kemudian dipotong menjadi beberapa segmen yang mengandung nodus sepanjang 4 cm dan dicuci. Selanjutnya segmen nodus disterilisasi dengan tiga jenis larutan sterilisasi (S1, S2 dan S3) dengan variasi bahan sterilan (EtOH, Bayclin, fungisida dan Tween 20) dan durasi paparan. Segmen nodus yang telah steril dimasukkan ke wadah steril berisi larutan forcing dengan variasi komposisi yang terdiri dari antimikroba 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (8-HQC), sukrosa dan beberapa ZPT TDZ, IBA dan GA3. Evaluasi dilakukan setelah 14 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prosedur sterilisasi terbaik untuk segmen cabang F. racemosa yang mengandung kuncup dorman adalah kombinasi penggunaan fungisida Nordox, EtOH, Bayclin dan Tween 20 dengan tingkat kerbehasilan mencapai 100%. Selain itu komposisi terbaik larutan forcing yang mampu menginduksi eksplan segmen cabang terbanyak dalam memecahkan dormansi kuncup dan memacu pertumbuhan tunas kayu F. racemosa, adalah kombinasi forcing 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (8-HQC), sukrosa dan beberapa zat pengatur tumbuh yaitu TDZ, IBA dan GA3.
STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS PLANKTON SEBAGAI BIOINDIKATOR KUALITAS PERAIRAN SUNGAI TANGKERANG, KECAMATAN BUKIT RAYA, KOTA PEKANBARU, PROVINSI RIAU
Sungai Tangkerang merupakan anak sungai Sail yang rentan terjadi pencemaran, yang disebabkan oleh berbagai aktivitas penduduk di sekitar sungai. Berdasarkan kondisi itu, dilakukan pemantauan kualitas sungai menggunakan plankton yang peka terhadap perubahan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas plankton sebagai bioindikator kualitas perairan Sungai Tangkerang. Pengambilan sampel plankton menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Sampel diambil di bagian hulu, tengah, dan hilir sungai, lalu dilakukan identifikasi dan analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komposisi kelas terbanyak diperoleh kelas Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, dan Chlorophyceae. Spesies dengan kelimpahan tertinggi adalah Oscillatoria sp. Kelimpahan yang didapatkan pada stasiun 1 sebesar 2.133 ind/L, stasiun 2 2.233 ind/L, dan stasiun 3 1.133 ind/L. Kelimpahan plankton di tiga stasiun tergolong dalam perairan oligotrofik hingga mesotrofik. Nilai keanekaragaman tertinggi didapatkan stasiun 1 dengan (1,77), sedangkan yang terendah pada stasiun 2 (0,77). Nilai keanekaragaman yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa Sungai Tangkerang tercemar sedang hingga berat. Nilai dominansi tertinggi terdapat pada stasiun 2 bernilai 0,63, sedangkan yang terendah 0,22 pada stasiun 2. Nilai keseragaman terendah bernilai 0,4 pada stasiun 2 dan yang tertinggi pada stasiun 3 dengan nilai 0,77.
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI PENGENCERAN NANOKOLOID PERAK DIBIOSINTESIS MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAK TANAMAN KELADI SARAWAK Alocasia macrorrhizos L. PADA SEDIAAN GEL MELAWAN Staphylococcus aureus
Penelitian yang bertujuan menguji pengaruh konsentrasi pengenceran nanokoloid perak hasil biosintesis menggunakan ekstrak tanaman keladi Sarawak (Alocasia macrorrhizos (L,)) sebagai bahan aktif sediaan gel terhadap aktivitas antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus telah dilakukan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menguji gel dengan konsentrasi nanokoloid perak sebesar 100% (tidak diencerkan) lalu dibandingkan dengan hasil uji pada gel dengan konsentrasi pengenceran penelitian sebesar 50% pada penelitian sebelumnya. Gel diformulasikan menggunakan basis Carbopol 940 lalu diuji organoleptik, pH, homogenitas, viskositas, daya sebar, serta uji kesukaan. Aktivitas antibakteri diuji dengan metode difusi cakram. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa gel memenuhi seluruh parameter fisik kecuali viskositas. Aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus termasuk kategori kuat dengan zona hambat 11,52 ± 0,10 mm (F1), 11,83 ± 0,19 mm (F2), dan 12,44 ± 0,65 mm (F3). Peningkatan konsentrasi nanokoloid perak dari 50% menjadi 100% tidak memberikan perbedaan signifikan pada daya antibakteri
TINJAUAN PERUBAHAN LAYANAN EKOSISTEM AKIBAT PERLUASAN PERTANIAN DAN PERTAMBANGAN DI DAS TROPIS
The expansion of agricultural and mining areas in tropical watersheds (DAS) has resulted in changes in ecosystem services (ES), which have been under pressure for decades. This study uses a systematic literature review (SLR) by synthesizing articles published in the Scopus database between 2009 and 2025 using the PRISMA Flow Diagram 2020 framework. The keyword combinations used include "Ecosystem Service", "Watershed OR River Basin", "Land Use AND Agricultural OR Plantation OR Oil Palm OR Mining", and "Tropical". Bibliometric analysis using R-studio and VOSviewer was conducted to examine the distribution of articles and the interconnectedness of ecosystem services. The synthesis results indicate that agricultural expansion is a change driver with broader impacts, fundamentally altering the landscape and causing long-term cumulative impacts. Meanwhile, mining tends to be a pressure driver with very sharp and toxic local impacts. Declines occur in regulating services, especially for sediment retention, water filtration, and carbon storage. Service providers such as agricultural and mineral production have increased in the short term, creating significant trade-offs that have the potential to damage tropical watersheds. The research review results indicate the dominance of the InVEST and SWAT models in ES assessments, but there is still a lack of continuous field validation. Other information related to the forest cover threshold of around 50-60% is a critical factor in maintaining hydrological and biogeochemical regulation in tropical watersheds. This review also emphasizes the need to protect and limit forest clearing for sustainable and environmentally friendly land management practices and emphasizes that watershed management needs to shift from a productivity-focused approach to ecosystem service-based management. Sustainable management responses that need to be implemented to improve ecosystem services through reforestation, implementation of conservation measures, and economic compensation for improved ecosystem services in tropical watersheds. Keywords: Keywords: Ecosystem Services, Agriculture, Mining, Tropical Watersheds
Copyright (c) 2025 BIOMA : JURNAL BIOLOGI MAKASSAR
Optimasi Suhu Annealing Primer matK dan ITS1 pada DNA Melothria pendula L. (Cucurbitaceae) dengan Metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Melothria pendula L. merupakan tumbuhan merambat dari famili Cucurbitaceae yang memiliki potensi biologis tinggi, namun identifikasinya sulit dilakukan secara morfologi terutama pada fase vegetatif. Identifikasi molekuler berbasis DNA menjadi alternatif yang lebih akurat, dengan teknik polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sebagai tahap penting untuk mengamplifikasi fragmen gen target. Keberhasilan PCR sangat dipengaruhi oleh optimasi suhu annealing, karena suhu yang tidak sesuai dapat menyebabkan amplifikasi nonspesifik atau kegagalan pembentukan produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan suhu annealing optimum primer matK dan ITS1 dalam amplifikasi DNA M. pendula menggunakan metode gradient PCR. DNA diisolasi dari daun segar menggunakan metode CTAB dengan hasil konsentrasi 1.091,50 ng/µL dan rasio kemurnian A260/A280 sebesar 1,958. Proses amplifikasi dijalankan pada rentang suhu 40-60°C. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa suhu annealing optimum untuk primer matK adalah 51,2°C menghasilkan pita target ~900 bp, sedangkan ITS1 optimal pada 56°C dengan pita target ~300 bp. Kedua suhu menghasilkan pita tunggal yang tebal, jelas, dan tanpa multiband atau primer dimer. Optimasi suhu annealing berperan penting dalam meningkatkan efisiensi dan spesifisitas amplifikasi PCR untuk mendukung identifikasi molekuler M. pendula.
OPTIMASI DOSIS PEMUPUKAN UREA UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN VEGETATIF CABAI BESAR (Capsicum annuum L.) DALAM POT
Plants cultivated in pots face limitations in access to nutrients and water, as well as other growth-supporting factors, compared to those planted in the field. Therefore, understanding the plant's response to the potted cultivation model warrants attention. This study aimed to determine the optimal dose of Urea fertilizer that supports the vegetative growth of large chili (Capsicum annuum). Large chili plants of the Panex F1 variety were sown for 28 days and then transplanted into treatment pots arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with 4 replications. The treatments consisted of varying urea doses: 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9× the reference dose of 388.5 mg, equivalent to 0 – 3.497 g urea per plant. This fertilizer dose was split into 5 applications via watering over a 40-day growth period. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, and shoot dry weight. Analysis of variance results indicated that urea dose variations did not significantly affect plant height and number of leaves but had a highly significant effect on the shoot dry weight variable (p<0.01). Through quadratic regression model analysis (R2=0.305), the optimal urea fertilizer dose for large chili pepper was determined to be 3 grams per plant, with a predicted shoot dry weight of 2.42 grams. Keywords: Kata kunci : large chili pepper, pot experiment, urea nitrogen, vegetative phase
EKSPLORASI ETNOBOTANI TANAMAN SINGKONG PADA SUKU TOBELO SEBAGAI PANGAN ALTERNATIF LOKAL DALAM MENDUKUNG KETAHANAN PANGAN
Cassava plants are optimally utilized from the stems, leaves, and tubers. However, traditional processed products of the Tobelo tribe are starting to be replaced. This study aims to determine the knowledge of the Tobelo people regarding the use of cassava plants and their contribution to supporting food security in North Maluku. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a survey method. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. This technique was chosen based on the research data needs, which require data on the understanding of cassava among the Tobelo people. The instruments used were interviews and documentation. The interviews consisted of four topics: the Tobelo people's understanding of cassava plants (varieties, morphology, and cultivation), its use in traditional rituals, management techniques, and aspects of its preservation. The results show that the Tobelo people have an understanding of agroecology that has been used for generations to preserve cassava as a staple food commodity. Traditional processed products are divided into three categories: staple foods, snacks or cakes, and foods that can be used long-term. However, there are several processed products such as cassava flour, ongol-ongol, and sinole that are starting to disappear. The calculated utility value was 0.54, indicating that the plant is still considered highly useful. In conclusion, the Tobelo people's understanding of cassava processing and cultivation supports national food security. Kata kunci : Cassava Plant, Tobelo Tribe, Traditional, Food Security
PERBANDINGAN UJI FITOKIMIA PIPERINE PADA BUAH DAN DAUN CABE JAWA (Piper retrofractum VAHL.) DI KABUPATEN BANGKALAN, MADURA
This study aims to compare the piperine content in the fruit and leaves of Javanese pepper (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) in six production centers in Bangkalan Regency, Madura, as a basis for mapping phytochemical potential and developing local phytopharmaceutical raw materials. The background of this study is based on the high demand for Javanese pepper as a spice and traditional medicine commodity, but productivity and optimal utilization of plant parts are still limited. Plant samples aged at least five years were taken from six subdistricts in Bangkalan Regency, then simplified powder was made, and piperine content was analyzed using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The results showed significant variations in piperine content between subdistricts and plant organs. The highest piperine content in Javanese chili peppers was found in Burneh Subdistrict at 225.22 mg/g, while the lowest content in fruits was found in Tanjungbumi Subdistrict at 103.28 mg/g. In the leaves, the highest piperine content was found in Blega District at 19.18 mg/g, and the lowest content in the leaves was found in Burneh District at 5.73 mg/g. In the leaves, the highest piperine content was found in Blega District at 19.18 mg/g, and the lowest content in leaves was found in Burneh District at 5.73 mg/g. In general, the piperine content of the fruit was much higher than that of the leaves throughout the production area. These findings emphasize the importance of selecting plant parts and production locations to optimize the utilization of Javanese pepper as a source of active phytopharmaceutical ingredients, and serve as a basis for developing quality standards and downstream strategies for herbal products in Bangkalan District, Madura.
PENGARUH EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN TAPAK DARA (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.) VARIETAS ALBUS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KEDELAI (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cv. ANJASMORO
Soybean is an important commodity in Indonesia because it is a source of protein in addition to being a source of fat, vitamins, and minerals for the community. The need for soybeans increases every year along with the increasing population growth. So it is necessary to do plant breeding to improve the superior nature of soybeans. One of them is with antimitotic compounds found in periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don), namely vincristine and vinblastine. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in the length of immersion in 70% ethanol extract of periwinkle leaves on the growth of soybean plants (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cv. Anjasmoro. This study uses an experimental method with a Linear Regression test consisting of one factor, namely soaking time (8, 16, and 24 hours). The results of statistical data processing showed a positive effect on the growth of soybean plants. The results obtained in the study were the treatment of immersion 70% ethanol extract of periwinkle leaves at a concentration of 0.4 ppm with a soaking time of 24 hours gave the results of plants with habitus characteristics that were superior to others. This is evidenced by the plant habitus characters, namely plant height, number of petioles, number of flowers, and number of root nodules that are superior to other immersion treatments and controls. While microscope observations on epidermal cells have a longer size than other treatments and controls.
APLIKASI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR (POC) PADA MEDIUM VACIN AND WENT (VW) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN PLANLET ANGGREK Dendrobium sp. SECARA IN VITRO
Dendrobium is a popular ornamental plant in Indonesia, but its production is often hindered by the lack of superior seedlings and low cultivation efficiency. Fertilization containing macro- and micronutrients, along with growth hormones, can enhance orchid growth. Liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) is considered more efficient than solid fertilizers because it is easily absorbed by roots, accelerates photosynthesis, and promotes new tissue formation. One easily accessible LOF is Amino Age. This study aimed to determine the effect and optimal concentration of Amino Age LOF on the in vitro growth of Dendrobium sp., plantlets. The study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor, namely LOF concentration (0 ml/L as control, 1 ml/L, 1.5 ml/L, 2 ml/L, and 2.5 ml/L) and five replications. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level. The results showed that Amino Age LOF had a significant effect on the growth of Dendrobium sp. plantlets. The optimal concentration was 2 ml/L, which yielded the best results in terms of plantlet survival rate, growth visualization, stomatal density, fresh weight, and dry weight. Keywords: Dendrobium sp., Amino Age Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF), In Vitro Culture, Completely Randomized Design (CRD).
INVENTARISASI JENIS TUMBUHAN YANG BERPOTENSI MENINGKATKAN KETAHANAN PANGAN DI KEPULAUAN SPERMODE SULAWESI SELATAN
The Spermonde Islands are a group of small islands off the west coast of South Sulawesi that have characteristics of rich coastal and marine ecosystems, but are vulnerable to climate change pressures and limited food resources. This study aims to identify local plant species that have the potential as alternative food sources to support community food security on these small islands. The method used was an exploratory survey with a participatory approach, involving local communities on five selected islands. The inventory results showed thatthere were 31 types of potential food plants, including tubers, local fruits, vegetables, and wild plants that could be used as sources of carbohydrates, vegetable protein, and micronutrients. Several species such as Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit), Moringa oleifera (moringa), and Pandanus tectorius (sea pandan) have high nutritional value and good ecological adaptation. This study recommends the utilization and preservation of local plants as a strategy to strengthen small island-based food security. Kata kunci : food security, local plants, small islands, spermonde islands, biodiversity
IDENTIFIKASI KONTAMINASI TELUR SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTH PADA SELADA (LACTUCA SATIVA) YANG DI PANEN UNTUK KEBUTUHAN KONSUMSI DI KOTA DEPOK JAWA BARAT
Factors that cause contamination from STH eggs include consuming vegetables in raw, unwashed, and not cooked properly. The purpose of this study was to determine the contamination of STH eggs in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) sold in two traditional markets, namely Citayam Market and Pucung Market in Depok City. This type of research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach and purposive sampling design. The research sample consisted of 10 lettuce samples,5 each from Citayam Market and 5 from Pucung Market. The samples were examined in the STKIP Arrahmaniyah laboratory using the sedimentation method. The examination was carried out through the stages of soaking with 0.9% physiological NaCl solution, filtering, centrifuging, and microscopic observation at 10x and 40x magnification. The results showed that all samples (100%) were positive for STH egg contamination. In Citayam Market, 38 eggs were found consisting of 34 Ascaris sp. eggs and 4 Trichuris sp. eggs. Meanwhile, in Pucung Market, 51 eggs were found, consisting of 46 Ascaris sp. eggs, 5 Trichuris sp. eggs, and 1 hookworm egg. The most dominant type of egg found was Ascaris sp. These results indicate that lettuce sold in traditional markets has a high potential risk of intestinal worm infection if consumed without thorough washing.
SUHU ANNEALING PRIMER INTER SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT (ISSR) PADA DNA Aglaonema pictum (Roxb.) Kunth
Aglaonema pictum is one of the most popular ornamental plants in the community. However, studies on the genetic diversity of A. pictum are still limited. Based on this, it is necessary to study the genetic diversity of A. pictum, one of which uses DNA-based markers such as Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR). In order to study of genetic diversity of A. pictum effectively and efficiently, one of the efforts that can be done is optimizing the annealing temperature for ISSR primers to be used. The purpose of this study was to optimize the effective Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) primers on DNA of A. pictum. The methods used include DNA extraction using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), DNA amplification using primers ISSR1, ISSR2, ISSR3, ISSR4, ISSR5, ISSR6, ISSR7, ISSR8, ISSR9, ISSR10, ISSR11, and ISSR12) using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) at temperature ranges of 52-54 ˚C. The results showed that ten out of 12 ISSR primers could amplify the DNA of A. pictum using optimal annealing temperatures. ISSR primers which identified optimum annealing temperature were ISSR1, ISSR3, ISSR5, ISSR6, ISSR7, ISSR8, ISSR9, ISSR10, ISSR11, and ISSR12. Primer of ISSR1 and ISSR11 showed optimum annealing temperature at 52,6°C. Primer of ISSR3, ISSR8, and ISSR9 showed optimum annealing temperature at 53,6°C, while primer of ISSR6, ISSR7, and ISSR10 showed optimum annealing temperature at 54°C. in other hands, primer of ISSR2 nad ISSR4 did not yet identified their optimum annealing in all tested temperature range. Kata kunci : Aglaonema pictum, Annealing Temperature, Genetic Diversity, Inter Simple Sequence Repeats
PRODUKTIVITAS SERASAH Rhizophora apiculata Blume danAvicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. DI HUTAN MANGROVE KELURAHAN UNTIA, KOTA MAKASSAR
The role of mangrove forests as a home for aquatic biota is insepar-able from their function as producers of litter such as leaf litter, flowers, twigs and fruits, which can be converted into nutrients. These nutrients are reabsorbed by mangrove plants for growth and partially utilized by other organisms in the water. This study aims to analyze the productivity of mangrove litter Rhizophora apiculata Blume and Avicennia marina(Forsk.) Vierhin supporting water fertility in Untia Village, Makassar City. The research method was conducted with non-destructive vegetation analysis using litter traps, conducted in R. apiculata area (Station I) and A. marina area (Station II), and each consists of 3 sampling points. Litter was collected every other day for a period of two months. The average daily litter productivity of A. marina was highest at sampling site III with 7.06 grams/m2/day, while for R. apiculata it was 2.93 grams/m2/day at sampling site II. In general, the average daily productivity of Avicennia marina litter was 5.45 grams/m2/day, higher than the average daily productivity of Rhizophora apiculata litter, which was 2.76 grams/m2/day. A. marina litter produc-tivity reached an average of 19.89 tons/ha/year, while R. apiculata litter productivity reached an average of 10.09 tons/ha/year. The productivity of the mangrove forest litter in the urban village of Untia is classified as a good criterion for supporting water fertility. Keywords: productivity, litter, Rhizophora apiculata,Avicennia marina
STUDI PERILAKU MONYET EKOR PANJANG (Macaca fascicularis) DI KAWASAN KAMPUS UNJA MENDALO
This study aims to explain the daily activity patterns of long-tailed monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) in the area of ​​the University of Jambi (UNJA) Mendalo Campus. This study was conducted using a descriptive quantitative approach through the focal animal sampling method in four main locations (UNJA Jami' Mosque, UNJA Lake, UNJA LPTIK, and UNJA FKIP). The research location was determined by purposive sampling, namely in areas inhabited by long-tailed monkey populations, at three different times (morning, afternoon, evening). In each location, one individual monkey was observed for 1 hour per period with behavioral recording every 5 minutes. The results of the study showed that the most common behaviors were eating, moving, and grooming, with activity patterns varying in each location and time. Locations that have open food sources, such as UNJA Jami' Mosque, tend to be the focus for eating and grooming activities, while quieter locations such as UNJA Lake and LPTIK support playing and grooming activities. Environmental factors, such as food availability and the level of human disturbance, have a significant impact on monkey activity patterns. The results of this study are expected to be a basis for managing a campus environment that is balanced between human activities and the existence of wildlife. Keywords : Macaca fascicularis, Daily behavior, Behavioral ecology, Jambi University campus, Focal animal sampling, Semi-urban environment
EKSTRAKSI DAN DETEKSI KANDUNGAN FITOKIMIA DAUN SALAM (Syzygium polyanthum)
Bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) is one of the commonly used spices in cooking, known for enhancing the taste and aroma of food as well as offering health benefits. This study aims to identify the phytochemical content of bay leaves. The extraction method employed was maceration using 96% ethanol. The bay leaves were dried through aeration until the moisture content reached below 10%. The dried samples were then homogenized using a homogenizer to obtain a fine powder. The resulting powder was macerated with 96% ethanol. The obtained extract was then qualitatively tested for its phytochemical contents, including alkaloids, saponins, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and phenolics. The results showed positive reactions for alkaloids with three reagents (Mayer, Boucardon, and Dragendorff), indicated by the formation of white, orange, and brown precipitates. Flavonoids were detected by a yellowish-green color change, while saponins produced stable foam. Tannins, steroids, and phenolics showed a dark green coloration, indicating the presence of these compounds. In contrast, the test for terpenoids yielded negative results. These findings indicate that bay leaf extract contains various secondary metabolites with potential antioxidant, antimicrobial, and other pharmacological activities. Keywords: Extraction, Phytochemical Detection, Bay Leaf
Inovasi Nanokoloid Perak Hasil Biosintesis Menggunakan Ekstrak Tanaman Keladi Sarawak Dalam Bentuk Gel : Uji Stabilitas Fisik Dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus
Stability test of Physical and Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus of the silver nanocolloid gel biosynthesized by Alocasia macrorrhizos plant extract has been conducted. The test was using cycling test method to estimate stability of the gel. The AgNO3 concentration used in the silver nanocolloid biosynthesis process is 0.05 M ; 0.10 M and 0.15 M. The nanocolloid was diluted 50% of the initial concentration and innovated into a gel form (formula I, II and III) then tested on physical evaluation and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The physical evaluation test include organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, viscosity, spreadability and hedonic test. The measurement of of the clear zone formed around the disc paper was carried out to determine it’s antibacterial activity. The results shows all variation’s value decreased at physical evaluation test but still meet the requirements except for viscosity test and shows decereased at antibacterial activity test against Staphylococcus aureus. Kata kunci : silver nanocolloids, gel, Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.), cycling test, staphylococcus aureus
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI ASAM NITRAT SEBAGAI REAGEN DEKALSIFIKASI TERHADAP KUALITAS PEWARNAAN SAFRANIN O PADA TULANG
In histotechnology, bones play a certain role in the diagnosis of disease. The dilemma experienced by an anatomical pathology laboratory technician in making bone preparations or preparations containing high calcium salts. To overcome the hardness of the tissue due to the presence of calcium salts, a special technique called decalcification is needed. Strong acids such as hydrochloric or nitric acid are the fastest decalcification solutions in the decalcification process. Safranin is a cationic dye used in histology and cytology to differentiate and identify various tissues and cells. This study aims to determine the effect of nitric acid concentration as a decalcification reagent on the quality of safranin O staining in bones. This study uses an experimental method. The samples used in this study were beef ribs, then the specimens were decalcified with 5%, 10% and 15% nitric acid. The results showed that the nitric acid decalcification agent at concentrations of 5% and 10% obtained a consistency result of 1, meaning that the consistency of the beef rib bone sample was not soft, while 15% Nitric Acid obtained a consistency result of 3, meaning that the consistency of the beef rib bone sample was soft. Then, in the histological assessment of bone tissue preparations that have been stained with Safranin O, it was obtained at a concentration of 5% staining intensity with a final score grade of 0, meaning poor quality. At a concentration of 10% staining intensity with a final score of 1, meaning poor quality, and histological assessment of a concentration of 15% staining intensity with a final score of 2, meaning good quality. From this study, it can be concluded that the results of safranin O staining on beef ribs show differences in staining quality at different concentrations of decalsifying agents.
DESAIN PRIMER GEN EDNRB EKSON 1 UNTUK ANALISIS MUTASI GEN PADA HIRSCHSPRUNG’S DISEASE
The endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB) gene is located on chromosome 13, consisting of 7 exons and 6 introns. The EDNRB protein produced from this gene belongs to the family of G-protein coupled receptors. Mutations in the EDNRB gene play a role in some cases of Hirschsprung's cause, although the frequency is low. This study aims to design primers and test specificity using BLAST primers to determine the specific primer attached to the EDNRB gene. Primers were designed using Geneious Prime, which were then analyzed in silico based on good primer criteria. The results of this research showed that primers made using Geneious Prime produced the best primers, namely forward primer 5'-GAGTTCGGAGCTTTGCCT-3' and reverse 5'-AGCCCACCA TGATTTCA GC-3' and the results of the specificity test showed that the primer specifically attached to chromosome 13 which is the location of the EDNRB gene (13q22) with a product length of 879 bp. Kata kunci : EDNRB Gene, Primer Design, Hirschsprung’s Disease
EKSPLORASI IN SILICO GEN rbcL PADA Dioscorea alata: KERAGAMAN GENETIK UNTUK KETAHANAN PANGAN MASA DEPAN
Global food security is increasingly threatened by climate change, land degradation, and the heavy dependence on rice as the principal staple food. Diversification through the utilization of local commodities offers a strategic solution, with Dioscorea alata L. (purple yam), a tuberous crop rich in carbohydrates and anthocyanins and exhibiting high adaptability to diverse agroecological conditions, presenting significant potential. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of D. alata through an in silico approach, employing the rbcL gene as a molecular marker, with sequence data retrieved from the public NCBI database. Analytical procedures included BLAST alignment, multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree construction, 3D protein structure prediction, and functional annotation. The findings revealed that the rbcL gene in D. alata is highly conserved, with 100% sequence identity among accessions, suggesting pronounced genetic homogeneity likely resulting from long-term domestication. In contrast, sequence variation among other Dioscorea species indicated evolutionary divergence. The predicted protein structure displayed a predominance of alpha helices, supporting structural stability critical for photosynthetic function. Additionally, the rbcL gene was located within the active domain of the RuBisCO enzyme, essential for carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle. Thus, while rbcL is effective for evolutionary studies and interspecies identification, complementary markers such as matK or ITS are recommended for resolving intraspecific genetic diversity. The present findings are anticipated to contribute to the conservation and breeding strategies of D. alata in support of future food security initiatives. Keywords: Dioscorea alata, rbcL, DNA barcoding, food security
KHAMIR PENGHASIL LIPID YANG MEMANFAATKAN BIOMASSA LIGNOSELULOSA UNTUK PRODUKSI BIODIESEL
Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant and renewable carbon source with great potential for biodiesel production by oleaginous yeasts. These yeasts can accumulate high amounts of lipids when grown on lignocellulosic biomass, which primarily consists of glucose and xylose. However, the complex structure of lignocellulosic biomass requires pretreatment and hydrolysis steps to release fermentable sugars. This process often produces by-products in the form of inhibitors such as furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and acetic acid, which can inhibit yeast growth. Therefore, oleaginous yeasts capable of simultaneously assimilating glucose and xylose and are tolerant to inhibitors, are needed to optimally utilize this substrate. This review discusses yeast species that can utilize lignocellulosic hydrolysates for growth, the types and compositions of available sugars, the mechanisms of sugar assimilation, and the impacts of inhibitors on lipid production. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential and challenges of using lignocellulosic biomass for biodiesel production by oleaginous yeast. Keywords: Lignocellulosic biomass, oleaginous yeast, lipid, inhibitor, biodiesel
PENGUJIAN SEDIAAN SAMPO ANTI KETOMBE DARI EKSTRAK DAUN KETEPENG CINA (Cassia alata L.) DAN SARI BUAHJERUK NIPIS (Citrus aurantifolia S.) SEBAGAI ANTI JAMUR Pityrosporum ovale
Dandruff is a scalp condition caused by the fungus Pityrosporum ovale. The use of natural components as active ingredients in anti-dandruff shampoo preparations, such as Chinese longan leaves (Cassia alata L.) and lime (Citrus aurantifolia S.), provides a safer alternative to chemicals that may harm the skin. The purpose of this study is to assess the antifungal activity of a combination of Chinese ketepeng leaf extract (Cassia alata L.) and lime juice (Citrus aurantifolia S.) against Pityrosporum ovale, as well as to determine the optimal concentration of Chinese ketepeng leaf extract and lime juice that inhibits the growth of the Pityrosporum ovale fungus. The research was conducted using an experimental method with a quantitative approach. This study began with testing the activity of lime fruit extracts and juice with concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%, but obtained the best results for testing shampo preparations based on Pharmacopoeia IV, namely at concentrations of 20% and 25%, and two supporting controls, namely control (-) without extracts and juice and control (+) which is clear shampoo. The study found that the inhibition zone on Pityrosporum ovale fungi was 10.16 mm in the control (-), 16.36 mm at the 20% concentration, 20.10 mm at the 25% concentration, and 20.30 mm in the (+) control. Chinese ketepeng leaf extract and lime juice can work well as an alternative ingredient in natural anti-dandruff shampoo formulations. The results of the preparation evaluation revealed that the formula with a concentration of 20% met the characteristics of a good shampoo according to Pharmacopoeia IV.
PENGARUH PENGIMBASAN ASAM SALISILAT TERHADAP TANAMAN CASSAVA Manihot esculenta Crantz TAHAN Fusarium oxysporum BERDASARKAN JUMLAH DAUN, INDEKS STOMATA DAUN DAN KADAR SENYAWA FENOL
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a plant that is widely cultivated in Indonesia, this is because cassava is one of the staple food sources and sources of income throughout the tropics, but in the planting process, farmers are often constrained by attacks by pathogenic fungi that cause fusarium wilt disease and cause the quality of cassava plants to decline. One way to control this disease is by selecting cassava plants in the planting medium in vivo through salicylic acid infiltration to increase resistance to pathogens and improve the quality of cassava plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of salicylic acid on the number of leaves, leaf stomatal index, and phenol content of cassava plants resistant to Fusarium oxysporum compared to controls. This study used a one-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 levels of salicylic acid concentration, namely 0 ppm, 80 ppm, 100 ppm, 120 ppm and 140 ppm. Data analysis using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and further testing with Tukey test at the 5% level. The results showed that the concentration of salicylic acid that was tolerant for cassava plant selection with optimum growth was 100 ppm which was indicated by an increase in the number of leaves and leaf stomata index while the most optimum concentration of salicylic acid for increasing phenol levels was 140 ppm Keywords: salicylic acid, cassava, Fusarium oxysporum, induced resistance
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN KLOROFIL PLANLET ANGGREK BULAN [Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Bl.] HASIL SELEKSI DENGAN POLY ETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG) 6000 SECARA IN VITRO
Anggrek Bulan [Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume] merupakan tanaman hias yang bernilai estetika tinggi karena bunganya memiliki warna yang menarik dan dapat digunakan untuk campuran pembuatan aneka produk kecantikan dan kesehatan karena itu anggrek bulan ditetapkan sebagai bunga nasional Indonesia. Cekaman kekeringan berpengaruh negatif pada berbagai tanaman terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi. Kekeringan pada tanaman anggrek dapat disebabkan karena kelembaban yang rendah dan ketersediaan air yang kurang. Peningkatan produksi anggrek juga perlu diperhatikan mengenai kualitas anggrek itu sendiri seperti penyediaan bibit anggrek yang berkualitas dan dalam jumlah besar yang sering kali tidak dapat terpenuhi dengan metode perbanyakan konvensional. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan metode perbanyakan yang tepat seperti kultur in vitro yang dapat menghasilkan bibit dalam jumlah banyak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsentrasi penambahan PEG 6000 yang optimum untuk pertumbuhan planlet anggrek bulan secara in vitro. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2024 sampai dengan Juli 2024 di ruang kultur in vitro, Laboratorium Botani, Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Lampung. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari satu faktor menggunakan konsentrasi PEG 6000 sebesar 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% dan 40%. Masing-masing konsentrasi dilakukan 5 kali pengulangan. Data yang diperoleh dari analisis statistik dengan menggunakan one way ANOVA dan uji lanjut dengan analisis ragam dilakukan pada taraf 5% dan uji lanjut dengan Uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Konsentrasi PEG 6000 yang toleran dalam pertumbuhan planlet anggrek bulan (Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume) yang resisten terhadap cekaman kekeringan adalah konsentrasi 20% yang dapat dilihat dari persentase jumlah planlet yang hidup dan analisis kandungan klorofil a, b dan total.
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ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT DARI FESES LUWAK ( Paradoxurus hermaphroditus)
Luwak (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) merupakan hewan mamalia yang memiliki sistem pencernaan yang sederhana. Salah satu buah yang dikonsumsi oleh luwak adalah kakao (Theobroma kakao). Saluran pencernaan luwak merupakan salah satu sumber bakteri asam laktat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengisolasi dan mengetahui karakteristik bakteri asam laktat dari feses luwak. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Agustus-November 2024 di Laboratorium Biomedik, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Perintis Indonesia. Metode penelitian adalah studi eksploratif dan data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan isolasi bakteri asam laktat dari sampel feses luwak, dilanjutkan dengan karakterisasi morfologi koloni, dan morfologi sel terhadap isolat yang diperoleh. Hasil penelitian diperoleh rata-rata terdapat 53 x 107 CFU/gr bakteri asam laktat pada sampel. Sepuluh isolat terpilih berhasil diisolasi dan merupakan bakteri gram positif dengan uji katalase Negatif. Dapat disimpulkan feses luwak merupakan sumber bakteri asam laktat yang dapat diuji potensinya dalam menfermentasi biji kakao.
FORMULASI BIOFUNGISIDA KITOSAN ENZIMATIK UNTUK PENGENDALIAN CENDAWAN PASCA PANEN PADA BUAH TOMAT SECARA IN VITRO
Kitosan dapat digunakan untuk pengendalian serangan antraknosa yang menjadi kendala pasca panen pada buah tomat. Efektivitas kitosan dapat ditingkatkan menjadi Kitosan-Tripolifosfat menggunakan metode gelasi ionik. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji potensi bakteri endofit dari buah tomat matang dan mentah dalam menghambat Colletotrichum sp dan menentukan konsentrasi terbaik dalam formulasi Kitosan-Tripolifosfat. Dalam pembuatan Kitosan-Tripolifosfat digunakan metode gelasi ionik untuk merubah ukuran partikel kitosan pada konsentrasi kitosan bobot molekul rendah (KBMR) 0.2 % dan larutan natrium tripolifosfat (NaTPP) 0.1% dengan rasio (3:1, 1:1 dan 5:2) dalam 50 mL, kontrol positif tidak diberi formula dan kontrol negatif diberi formula. Parameter yang diamati yaitu persen daya hambat antar konsentrasi secara in vitro. Analisis data menggunakan program SPSS dengan metode Rancang Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 9 pengulangan. Jika terdapat perbedaan dilanjut dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan isolat bakteri MH-1 yang berasal dari buah tomat mentah memiliki daya hambat paling tinggi yaitu 80,24% sehingga dipilih untuk formulasi Kitosan-Tripolifosfat. Konsentrasi formula Kitosan-Tripolifosfat dalam 50 mL rasio (3:1, 1:1 dan 5:2) tidak berbeda nyata terhadap antar perlakuan, namun berbeda nyata terhadap perlakuan kontrol. Hal ini disebabkan persamaan ukuran partikel kitosan yang dihasilkan pada konsentrasi formula Kitosan-Tripolifosfat.
PENGARUH KUALITAS AIR TERHADAP KEBERADAAN PARASIT YANG TERDAPAT PADA IKAN ENDEMIK Betta Schalleri DI PERAIRAN PULAU BANGKA
Perikanan dan sumber daya laut, terutama kekayaan iktiofauna, memiliki potensi besar di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Ikan Tepalak (Betta schalleri), salah satu spesies asli yang paling terkenal, menghuni perairan rawa gambut dengan pH rendah (4-5). Karena proliferasi ikan eksotis dan kerusakan lingkungan, spesies ini saat ini terancam punah. Untuk meningkatkan populasi ikan Tepalak, langkah pertama dalam konservasi adalah mengidentifikasi parasit yang menginfeksi mereka. Metodologi penelitian eksploratif deskriptif digunakan, yang meliputi analisis ektoparasit dan endoparasit serta pengukuran kualitas air. Sejak Juli hingga September 2024, penelitian dilakukan di sungai Jada Baharin dan Bencah Kabupaten Bangka. Dengan prevalensi kurang dari 0,01%, hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa ikan yang diperiksa bebas dari infestasi parasit. Suhu air berkisar antara 28 hingga 29°C, pHnya berkisar antara 4,81 hingga 5,25, dan kandungan oksigen terlarutnya berkisar antara 5,2 hingga 5,9 mg/L. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun ikan Tepalak menghuni kondisi asam, kelangsungan hidup spesies tergantung pada kualitas air. Mengingat efek merugikan dari perubahan habitat dan pencemaran lingkungan yang dapat mengganggu kesehatan populasi ikan endemik, penelitian ini menawarkan informasi penting untuk upaya konservasi yang bertujuan melindungi ikan Tepalak.